Austria 17th 18th centuries essays

Austria 17th 18th centuries essays In my paper I will examine the absolute monarchy of Austria during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. I shall focus on the on the power of Austria, its foundation, preservation, and expansion. Lastly I will take into consideration the relationship between the classes, the growth of the power of state institutions, and some of the consequential figures in the evolution of absolute monarchy in Austria. The foundation of absolutism was the theory of the divine right of kings. This theory maintained that the monarch was God's representative on earth. In reality absolutism was a closer working relationship with the nobles in order to maintain control. Ensuring the power of the nobles meant solidifying his authority. The bureaucracy began to reorganize, making it more effective on the local level. Local and national government began to meet on a regular basis. This was done by dividing the monarchy into ten units, then dividing it further into ten subdistricts. Kreishauptmann were the administrative heads of each district, appointed by the King to work at the local level. All this helped to extend the monarch's power to the far reaches of the domain. To the people this basically meant that not only was the king a supreme ruler but he could emphasize his will with armies of unmatched size giving the idea of absolutism an illustration and an authenticity never seen before. With this need for a standing army came the need for new funds. These new funds gave way to a new system of tax collection. Throughout history the war and taxes have gone hand in hand. The goal of every monarch was to have independent power and only economic independence could make that possible. Maria Teresa (r. 1740-1780) won approval of the realm to administer property tax on all subjects. These new funds were used to refo ...

In an Age of Violence essays

In an Age of Violence essays School shootings in Moses Lake, Washington; West Paducah, Kentucky; Jonesboro, Arkansas; and Littleton, Colorado spark some serious questions throughout the US today. Schools beefing up security all over the country strive to protect their children from these horrific acts. Schools hire guards, put in metal detectors and surveillance cameras, search through students personal belongings, and even bring in trained police dogs to counteract these violent events. This added security cant be the best solution for the problem, and parents and teachers obtain a false sense of security. Schools should take a more cool-headed approach and not turn schools of today prisons of tomorrow. Society needs to take less drastic measures and step back to look at the problem before blindly trying to fix it. Not all of these hard-nosed attempts to stop school violence have been rationally thought out. School districts driven by fear rely on faster and cheaper fixes; hence the drug dogs, cameras, a nd searches. Adults always tell their children they want them to have responsibility, but by putting up all these restrictions and security measures their responsibility is stripped. Schools use heavy-handed law enforcement tactics out of fear. Its not only that, they also use these tactics against students who do nothing wrong. This interrupts the academic process and students feel like criminals in these restricted fortresses of learning. Statistics show these additional security measures are not necessary. One of these statistics states since 1992 there have been 82 children killed in school shootings. This number sounds large but when you look at the 99 children that were killed when an automobiles air bag was deployed the number doesnt seem as great. (Deaths) School shootings account for less than one percent of the more than 5,000 firearm related deaths of children under the age of nineteen each ye...