Database Modeling, System Design, And Improve Performance

MODELING As databases and technology have evolved, Elmasri and Navathe point out that increasingly complex data structures for modeling to meet the needs of the more advanced and larger databases that were also beginning to include newer data types (2016). As stated before, with more complex databases, there are more vulnerabilities in security that need to be planned for and mitigated wherever possible. A DBMS is responsible for designing the methods in which data recovery and security is handled, while tools are used within database modeling that facilitate modeling, system design, and improve performance (Elmasri Navathe, 2016). When applying these tools to database creation, security should always be considered in each step of modeling and creating the database. The DBMS provides a security and authorization subsystem to the DBA so that they can use it to create accounts and specify account restrictions (Elmasri Navathe, 2016). AGGREGATION AND INFERENCE Aggregation occurs when a user combines individual pieces of data that they have access to in order to infer more of the bigger picture which they do not have access to, which can happen when a user only has access to some records but draws enough information from the ones they do have access to in order to figure out information that has been deemed off limits to them (Harris, 2002). This is, of course, a potential security risk which should be corrected. On the other hand, knowledge representation techniques,Show MoreRelatedThe Data Frameworks And Business Necessities Speak With Different Groups On The Advancement Of Information Models Essay1523 Words   |  7 Pagesdemonstrating and sharing fundamentally concentrates on a database s portion issues. The Data Modeler creates information models to address the association s issues data Frameworks and business necessities speak with different groups on the advancement of Information models. 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The Importance Of A Job While Being A Student Affects...

Research Methodology The mixed methodologies that were utilized to conduct the research to see whether or not having a job while being a student affects their overall career goals included quantitative surveys and qualitative face-to-face interviews. Thirty-five surveys were distributed on campus to California State University, Dominguez Hills (CSUDH) students. Four face-to-face interviews were conducted off campus, and were conducted with working professionals. Each interview lasted about thirty minutes. In order for interviewees to participate, they had to be working professionals with a minimum of two years working in college and in their field of work. The interviews were conducted at a Starbucks near CSUDH. Quantitative Research. Thirty-five surveys were conducted on campus in the Loker Student Union and were distributed to CSUDH students. The type of questions included independent, dependent, and demographic variable questions, were the following: Primary Variable: 1. Does having a job motivate you for your future career endeavors? Yes/No Independent Variables: 2. How many hours do you work per week? 2 hours-10 hours; 11 hours-19 hours; 20 hours- 28 hours; 29 hours- 37 hours; 38 hours or more 3. Do you work? Yes/No 4. Do you seek additional help in your courses outside of class? (i.e., Office hours, tutoring, etc.) Yes/No Dependent variables: 1. Does school stress you out? Yes/No/Sometimes 2. Does work stress you out? Yes/No/Sometimes 3. Do you feel you haveShow MoreRelatedEssay Motivation behind Choosing a Career Direction1384 Words   |  6 Pagesindividual chooses their career path. Selecting a career is a big opportunity, set forth to help people. Each person has worked or still is working through the ranks of education. People focus on the obstacle of college, and the choice to graduate with a degree in a particular field of study. Careers do not just occur overnight, it requires time. 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Impact Analysis of Wireless and Mobile Technology on Business Manageme

Question: Demonstrate how a start-up company might use personal contact networking to help achieve sales growth and the acquisition of necessary resources, including knowledge resources, during the first five years of its growth plan. Pay particular attention to the use of digital and mobile technologies in helping you to achieve your personal contact networking aims. Use examples in your work as a vehicle for discussion? Answer: Introduction Personal contact network means the active intercommunication between various parties and customers that can help in the growth of the start-up business. Various literature reviews and practical experiences have showed light to the fact that in today's contemporary world, personal contract network plays a significant role in establishing a business. The impact of the personal network is more prominent in a small start up Entrepreneur Company than the already established company. In the first five years of business, personal networks play a critical role in the initiation of the company. This particular report deals with the advantages of personal contact network, but there is no denying the fact that it may have a negative impact on the company's development. The primary purpose of this report is to scrutinize the crucial role played by the personal contacts in the development and existence of the company. Furthermore, in this report the consideration of the most critical phase that is the initial first year is evaluated and analyzed. Furthermore, with the advancement of technology and communications devices has assisted in developing the business in a smoother way. The recent rapid use of mobile and digital technology has helped in developing and maintaining such network. Literature Review Entrepreneurial Theory and Practices that used for new ventures Entrepreneurship means the discovery, exploitation and assessment of new opportunities, new products and services that are completely new to the market and different from existing products. Gregson, and Harrison (2013), cited that entrepreneurial theory exists because various people have several ideas for putting the same input into different output products that have high market values. According to Glackin (2013), the entrepreneurial theory mainly focuses on a diverse belief about the worth of available resources. According to Syed and Shaikh (2013) there is no existence for new opportunities in existing market, an entrepreneur must exploit his available resources in order to develop his business. For developing the start-up business, the entrepreneur must take advantage of the contract network for establishing the business. Osterwalder and Pigneur (2013) defined networking in the business as the contact between different people for the growth, development and mutual support in the market. Meeting people, becoming part of a group helps in developing the mutual interest in the particular subject. The main purpose of developing a communication and contact network is to obtain information for expanding the start up business. Moreover, it also helps in spreading the word about the product and uniqueness of the services obtained from the startup. The structure and quality of the network structure alter the flow of resources and subsequently affect the business growth in the initial years of business. The network structure is defined by the density of the contact network formed while the quality of the network means the strength of relationship formed during the communication. Creating and Maintaining Personal Contact Network One of the significant competencies of being a successful entrepreneur especially in the initial stage business formation is the creating and maintaining an effective personal contact network. The chief purpose of any start-up an organization is to provide services and good that meets the client's requirements. The main objective is to gather information and spread the news about the newly launched products. Various entrepreneurs used the formal written and structured information source and several uses verbal, the non-formal source of information (Mitchelmore and Rowley 2013). Many researchers have argued about the later source to be more beneficial and effective. Glackin (2013) stated that personal contact network is the most valuable means used by the entrepreneur to gather important information. Furthermore, Cassar (2014) described entrepreneurs as someone who rarely takes any rational decision and usually make action oriented actions depending upon the situations. Thus, creating a strong and efficient personal contact network helps then in being updated with any new information. Moreover, networking emphasis on the opportunism and informality; that proves to be ideal for the varying environmental conditions. Further skills for acquiring resource Creating and maintaining a proper personal contract network is not the only factor for the success of the startup business. The accomplishment of an entrepreneur startup business lies upon various factors and managerial capability of the entrepreneur himself. Although, the innovative idea and services play a significant role in the business, the interactions of the individual people are the central key to an establishment. Casson and Casson (2013) identified the importance of personal contact network between the buying and selling parties is essential for stabilizing the business. The vital resource required for a start-up company is the strong financial backbone. There is no denying the fact that without the sufficient financial resource, the company will fail to thrive. But, the importances of crucial factors like effective transportation, equipment and guidance cannot be ignored. The ability to manage with the available resources effectively and efficiently in a way that it normal ly would not be possible is the key ingredient to success. Personal Contact Networks as a Form of Master Mind.' Apart from managerial skills, an entrepreneur must have the ability to identify and analyse the existing ideas and successfully recognize the innovation opportunity within them. The personal contact network does not only emphasize on the customer and client relations, but it also helps in understanding various opportunities regarding the growth of the enterprise. Many entrepreneurs utilize the personal contract network as a master plan to identify the technical opportunities, customer needs and market scope of the product. Furthermore, many entrepreneurs use the personal network to secure the cumulative wisdom, synergistic and intelligence to create new opportunities for the product and services (Jayawarna, Rouse and Kitching 2013). Moreover, a successful and experienced entrepreneur usually creates the opportunity. Different personality behavior and traits reflect the salient features required to establish a successful business. Moreover, according to various findings and research m any entrepreneurs use the personal contact network for survival, operation, and commercial prosperity of the newly formed startup company. Use of Digital and Mobile Technologies in the Formation and Management of Networks With the rapid growth of technology, the communication trends have changed its course from face to face communication to mobile communications. In the contemporary world, mobile and digital technology has become the inevitable part of human life (Palo and Tahtinen 2013). With the increase in the use of several advanced mobile devices, business trends have also taken a rapid change. The most common medium used by a contemporary entrepreneur for building a strong contact network is the mobile phone. The mobile phones have allowed to seamlessly connecting with the different individual with minimum effort. These technologies include instant messaging; voice chatting and video conferencing allow the business entrepreneurs get beneficial advantages in forming or effective personal network. The businesses today deploy the mobile and digital technology to expand their business. Moreover, in startup entrepreneurship business, personal context enhances the client business relationships (Manolova, Manev and Gyoshev 2014). The entrepreneur usually takes the initiatives on the various business ventures and processes in order to perform the intelligence functions regarding business development. With the fast moving mobile and digital technology, deploying mobile network to access emails, information from the internet became easier than ever. The mobile technology has proficiently increased the productivity and efficiency of the business. The various smartphones, technologically advanced devices like tablet along with different useful applications made the collaboration with different business staffs, employees, and customers easy and efficient. Deploying the mobile technology, the entrepreneur can access information about different products and useful resources from the open sources (Bosma et al. 2012). Mobile and digital technology allow any person to stay in contact with other without being in the same place. In the case of the startup entrepreneur business venture, the use of laptops, smartphones, and computers makes it easier to manage the business procedure and processes along with keeping in touch with different vendors and customers. Mobile technology further allows the start-up entrepreneur to manage and use the businesss data and resources while they are travelling or working for a particular client. Moreover, the mobile technology can provide an innovative solution to the start of business. Deploying a web based application will help the business to make their services and presence felt by the customers from practically anywhere. It will furthermore allow the business to be in contact with its client and provide individual services to everyone (Nakara, Benmoussa and Jaouen 2012). Moreover, this will help in strengthening the business customer relationship that will lead to increase in profitability and productivity. The advanced mobile and digital technology furthermore allows the effective link between the customers, vendors, and employees. The startup business can effectively employ the social media with the help of social communication media like Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn and others. These will offer real-time communication and active personal network that delivers benefits regarding delivering customer satisfaction (Halinen, Medlin and Tornroos 2012). Because of the very interactive characteristic of the mobile and digital technology, entrepreneur receives instant feedback about the services and products. This helps them in identifying the gap in the business strategy to lead the market. Thus, this helps in an instant up gradation of the business activities. Additionally, the mobile technology provides a completely new dimension for marketing and advertising of the newly launched venture. Successful Construction and Maintenance of the Personal Contact Network and the Survival and Growth of the Small Start-Up Firm The construction of the personal contact network is highly favourable to the advancement of mobile and digital technology. The forming of the efficient and dense personal network has an impact on the business growth and survival. The efficient network helps in accessing the vital information and resources from leveraging the good interaction between different customers, employees (Lu et al. 2014). Furthermore, the personal contact network helps in analysing the business requirements with the help of instant customer feedback. Understanding and utilization of the contact network help the start-up firm to survive and gain success in the initial days of formation. Whereas, the lack of importance of the given to personal contact network will fail the business venture from the initial stage. The Development and Management of Personal Contact Networks and Their Master Mind.' Many small start-up firms use the personal contact network as a master mind instrument to thrive for success and growth in the initial five years of formation. In spite of having a robust personal contact network, the entrepreneur must possess the ability to change the resources into the fruitful outcome (Azim and Hassan 2013). The entrepreneur must analyse the embedded technological and market opportunities for the business. Understanding these key requirements through the personal networks helps in securing the cumulative wisdom, synergistic and overall business intelligence in order to produce new business ventures or business activity. Understanding and utilizing these business opportunities helps in having a successful business on the market. Furthermore, in the initial stage of business the most vital and crucial factors that affect the survival of the business are the operational and commercial prosperity of the newly formed start-up company (Eastman et al. 2014). Conclusion Many businesses provide innovative services to its customers. Many startup businesses stay in the market for few years; some stays for many decades while many fail to survive the market for a year. Most of the failed cases occur due to lack of personal contact network of the entrepreneur. After studying the various past experiences and entrepreneur business, it is evident that the success of a startup venture is largely impacted by the efficiency and effectiveness of personal contact network. The personal network assists in achieving sales growth, advertising and marketing of the product in the initial five years of business launch. Particularly the uses of mobile and digital technology have enhanced the communication and strengthen the personal contact network of the business in the first five years. Thus, the mobile technology also offers the entrepreneur in securing their cumulative wisdom, synergistic and intelligence in a totally new way. Furthermore, it can be concluded that th e mobile and digital technology in the formation and managing the personal contact network is an efficient, effective and inevitable procedure. References Azim, R. and Hassan, A., 2013. Impact analysis of wireless and mobile technology on business management strategies. InInformation and Knowledge Management(Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 141-150). Bosma, N., Hessels, J., Schutjens, V., Van Praag, M. and Verheul, I., 2012. Entrepreneurship and role models.Journal of Economic Psychology,33(2), pp.410-424. Cassar, G., 2014. Industry and startup experience on entrepreneur forecast performance in new firms.Journal of Business Venturing,29(1), pp.137-151. Casson, M. and Casson, C., 2013.The entrepreneur in history: From medieval merchant to modern business leader. Palgrave Pivot. Eastman, J.K., Iyer, R., Liao-Troth, S., Williams, D.F. and Griffin, M., 2014. The role of involvement on millennials' mobile technology behaviors: The moderating impact of status consumption, innovation, and opinion leadership.Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice,22(4), pp.455-470. Glackin, C., 2013. Entrepreneurship: Starting and Operating a Small Business, 3e. Gregson, G. and Harrison, R.T., 2013. THE ENTREPRENEUR-BUSINESS ANGEL INVESTOR RELATIONSHIP: HOW DOES IT INFLUENCE INITIAL AND FOLLOW-ON INVESTMENT DECISIONS AND INVESTMENT OUTCOMES?(SUMMARY).Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research,33(1), p.5. Halinen, A., Medlin, C.J. and Trnroos, J.., 2012. Time and process in business network research.Industrial Marketing Management,41(2), pp.215-223. Jayawarna, D., Rouse, J. and Kitching, J., 2013. Entrepreneur motivations and life course.International Small Business Journal,31(1), pp.34-56. Lu, J., Lu, C., Yu, C.S. and Yao, J.E., 2014. Exploring factors associated with wireless internet via mobile technology acceptance in Mainland China.Communications of the IIMA,3(1), p.9. Manolova, T.S., Manev, I.M. and Gyoshev, B.S., 2014. Friends with money? Owners financial network and new venture internationalization in a transition economy.International Small Business Journal,32(8), pp.944-966. Mitchelmore, S. and Rowley, J., 2013. Entrepreneurial competencies of women entrepreneurs pursuing business growth.Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,20(1), pp.125-142. Nakara, W.A., Benmoussa, F.Z. and Jaouen, A., 2012. Entrepreneurship and social media marketing: Evidence from French small business.International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business,16(4), pp.386-405. Osterwalder, A. and Pigneur, Y., 2013.Business model generation: a handbook for visionaries, game changers, and challengers. John Wiley Sons. Palo, T. and Thtinen, J., 2013. Networked business model development for emerging technology-based services.Industrial Marketing Management,42(5), pp.773-782. Syed, A.A.S. and Shaikh, F.M., 2013. Entrepreneur Business Development and Its impact on Small and Medium Enterprises SMEs and Rural Development in Sindh. InProceedings of 3rd International Conference on Business Management(pp. 1-6).

Ramayana Essays (935 words) - Religion, Hinduism, Ikshvaku Dynasty

Ramayana Alexander Eisen 10.20.00 UGC 111 Essay #2 : Ramayana The epic of Ramayana and some of the Hindu virtues derived from it The poetic author, Valmiki, does not calls Rama the perfect man in his well known tale of Ramayana for no reason. For this story has been a legendary epic that many generations of the Hindu culture have been modeling their society after, for over two thousand years. It has been an influential teaching for children and scholars of all ages because of its simplicity and exemplary concepts and virtues of the Hindu people. From childhood most Indians learn the characters and incidents of this epic and they furnish the morals, ideals and wisdom of common life. This epic helps to bind together the many peoples of India, transcending caste, distance and language by showing all the perfect way to practice dharma throughout ones life. As will be explored in this essay, from Ramayana, one can derive many of the virtues of the Hindu culture such as perfectionism, honesty, order, obedience and respect, and active asceticism. All these characteristics make a human being perfect and are achieved t hrough the practice of dharma, as explicitly shown by the main character of Ramayana - Rama. Rama is indeed a perfect man in the eyes of the Indian people. Many Hindus even regard him as an incarnation of the god Vishnu. The main reason for that is Rama lived his entire life in an exemplary manner - by the rules of dharma. In fact, that was why Indians consider him heroic and respect him so much . When Rama was a young boy, he was the perfect son. Later he was an ideal husband to his faithful wife, Sita, and finally a responsible ruler of Aydohya. The first example of obedience and respect displayed by Rama is vivid when the news of his banishment, enforced by his own parents, are brought to him. He handles the situation with remarkably patient and wise attitude and says to his stepmother, I gladly obey father's command Why, I would go even if you ordered it.. By doing this, he shows characteristics of great piety to his parents and the lack of desire to be a powerful and authoritative rich ruler, all while knowing that he is giving up his righteous turn to rule the kingdom since he is the oldest of the four sons of the king. Instead, he willingly goes off into exile forest infested with evil spirits whom he battles with the power of good and defeats. As in most of the Eastern world, this example of respect being paid to elders, parents, authorities (no matter what one is commanded to do) is very important in ones faith; and the fact that one successfully wards off evil, gives him/her the title of a cultural model hero, just as seen in Ramas case. Ramas casual attitude about going off into the forest for fourteen years also shows his asceticism the will to give up his material, emotional and physical attachments. His peaceful and patient attitude towards his life is vivid due to his enduring wisdom. For he goes beyond the material and physical world to strive for a higher state of being - nirvana, something all Hindus look forward to. He says the following to his brother Bharata, when he is offered the throne again, I should have known that you would renounce gladly what most men work lifetimes to learn to give up. Physical attachments like money and emotional attachment like love are only barriers in the path of dharma because they bring desires for possession and pleasure. Rama shows that, by faith, it is more important not to complicate ones short life on earth with these distractions but rather it is vital for one to strive for this state of perfectionism (nirvana) by concentrating on working hard for it on earth (dharma) . Rama makes no mistakes in the story of Ramayana. He is always makes quick and wise decisions whether in battle or in peace. He is concerned about maintaining order and getting rid of evil as he defeats Ravana, the 10-headed king of Lanka who abducts Sita. This bravery against evil is another

Free Essays on Your Mom

As a child, my mother put me in dance lessons, soccer, piano lessons and other sports. I hated it when I was young, but it wasn’t until I was older that I realized that my mother had done it for my own good. Most children are put into some sort of lesson or sport when they are youthful and for good cause, too. Some of the many reasons parents have their children engage in these things include their children getting good exercise, they have a chance to meet other children and develop social skills, they acquire a new hobby, and grow wiser through their lessons and games. Children take in so much when they are small and fragile; participating in these events helps them grow physically, mentally, socially, and at times, spiritually. Sports are a great way to stay in shape. When children are taught sports when they are young, it teaches them many lessons including how to deal with other children their own age, listen to adults, follow instructions, and be a team player. Sports teach children how to win and to lose, gracefully, says Joyce Eisenbraun of the Family Fun Weekender Newsletter. It also shows them how to play in a competitive, healthy game. I’ve seen people whose parents put them in sports as a child that they still play today. Most of them are healthy, fun individuals with a lot of focus. They also have a lot of will power and finish what they set their minds to. There are a lot of children today in America that are physically unfit, thanks to their parents not taking the necessary actions they need to keep them healthy. Music was always something I was interested in. For as long as I can remember, I loved to sing. My mom put me in kid’s choir at church from kindergarten through fifth grade. I loved it. I also took a few years of piano. I never liked piano much, though it taught me so much. In music you learn so many things like discipline, commitment and even math! Learning music involves ratios, fractions, proportions... Free Essays on Your Mom Free Essays on Your Mom As a child, my mother put me in dance lessons, soccer, piano lessons and other sports. I hated it when I was young, but it wasn’t until I was older that I realized that my mother had done it for my own good. Most children are put into some sort of lesson or sport when they are youthful and for good cause, too. Some of the many reasons parents have their children engage in these things include their children getting good exercise, they have a chance to meet other children and develop social skills, they acquire a new hobby, and grow wiser through their lessons and games. Children take in so much when they are small and fragile; participating in these events helps them grow physically, mentally, socially, and at times, spiritually. Sports are a great way to stay in shape. When children are taught sports when they are young, it teaches them many lessons including how to deal with other children their own age, listen to adults, follow instructions, and be a team player. Sports teach children how to win and to lose, gracefully, says Joyce Eisenbraun of the Family Fun Weekender Newsletter. It also shows them how to play in a competitive, healthy game. I’ve seen people whose parents put them in sports as a child that they still play today. Most of them are healthy, fun individuals with a lot of focus. They also have a lot of will power and finish what they set their minds to. There are a lot of children today in America that are physically unfit, thanks to their parents not taking the necessary actions they need to keep them healthy. Music was always something I was interested in. For as long as I can remember, I loved to sing. My mom put me in kid’s choir at church from kindergarten through fifth grade. I loved it. I also took a few years of piano. I never liked piano much, though it taught me so much. In music you learn so many things like discipline, commitment and even math! Learning music involves ratios, fractions, proportions...

The Shooting Death of Oscar Grant

The Shooting Death of Oscar Grant On New Years Day 2009, an Oakland police officer shot and killed an unarmed, pinned suspect. The officer, Johannes Mehserle, was arrested on murder charges on January 14th, 2009. The trial  began on June 10, 2010. Heres what happened: Passengers Detained On January 1, 2009, at approximately 2 a.m., officers of the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) responded to reports of a fight on an Oakland subway car. They detained approximately 20 passengers. One of the passengers, who witnesses say was not actually involved in the fight, was 22-year-old Oscar Grant. Grant Captured Grant, a local grocery store butcher, and the father of a four-year-old girl were unarmed. He approached police in what appeared to be a nonviolent manner and was backed against the wall. In one video, he can be seen kneeling and pleading with police for reasons that are not yet clear. Some eyewitnesses say that he had already begun asking police not to shoot him. Officers restrained Grant and pinned him, face down, on the pavement. It is not clear whether he was handcuffed at this point. Shot to Death As shown in a widely disseminated cell phone video of the shooting, Grant was restrained by two officers. A third, 27-year-old Johannes Mehserle, then drew his service pistol and shot Grant fatally in the back. Current Status Mehserle quietly resigned from BART and has issued no statements regarding his reasons for the shooting. An internal investigation is pending. An attorney for Grants family has filed a $25 million wrongful death lawsuit against the city.On January 14th, 2009, Johannes Mehserle was arrested and charged with suspicion of murder. Theories Because Mehserle shot Grant in front of dozens of witnesses, including other police officers, it is difficult to fathom why he would have chosen this opportunity to execute a suspect in cold blood. Alternate theories suggest that he may have mistaken his pistol for a Taser (unlikely given the fact that BARTs Tasers bear no resemblance to firearms and require cartridges to be pre-loaded), or may have felt something while frisking Grant, such as a cell phone, that he mistook for a weapon. Our visceral impression of the shooting is similar to that of one expert quoted by the San Francisco Chronicle in a recent interview: We  assumed the shooting was accidental until we saw the video, but Mehserles relative calm at the moment the gun discharged is jarring. ... Roy Bedard, who has trained police officers around the world, advanced a different theory after his first viewing of the video: that the shooting was a pure accident, a trigger pulled because of a loss of balance or a loud noise. But in an indication of how the videos might move the investigation, Bedard reached a different conclusion after viewing the shooting from a different angle. Looking at it, I hate to say this, it looks like an execution to me, he said. But we  cant fully accept this explanation because we dont understand why Mehserle, whose wife was pregnant and gave birth to a son within days of the shooting, would execute a suspect in public. That doesnt make any sense. We need more data- we all do. The trial may have brought us closer to understanding why Mehserle killed Oscar Grant. But whether it does or not, this killer should be held fully accountable for his actions.

The Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Revolution - Essay Example Large plantations were similar to modern factories, extremely organized, and focused primarily on one goal: that of improving production. The slaves had a specific task assigned to them and they were expected to do a specific amount of the work each day. They were usually inspected by an overseer who would often be cruel and inconsiderate, pushing them beyond human endurance. The owner was usually not present or looked in on the work at suitable intervals, interacting only with the overseer. Some of the harshest treatments to the slaves were meted out at large plantations of sugar, rice, or cotton of the Old South. On a small plantation or a farm, on the other hand, the slaves were given different tasks to do directly by their master, and were more a part of the household because they worked in the home as well as the field. There was no overseer, and all the work was given out by the owner himself. This gave the slaves a better sense of belonging, and they were treated much better, because usually they were more like servants in European households than tortured slaves. The phrase"jumping the broom" comes

Depression Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Depression - Research Paper Example Depression is both preventable and treatable with better parentage and good schooling institutions. Depression can be described as a mental illness, which influences the functioning of individuals in day-to-day life activities. Depression mostly affects a person’s social activities because the infected individuals usually experience problems in coping with certain emotions. For many years, depression has been viewed as an issue that only affects adults. However, research in the contemporary world has proven otherwise. Children are also at a high risk of developing depression, mostly from neglect, abuse, and other life struggles that include poverty that may affect their subsequent stages in life. Depression can lead to other physical health problems such as heart diseases in later stages of life if not identified and controlled (Blumenfield et al., 2012). Children, who show withdrawal and anxiety at early age, have a high risk of developing depression at later stages of life. Depression, along with anxiety disorders, is among the ten main causes of disabilities globally. Th is implies that one in every ten children suffer from a certain type of emotional disturbance, which is severe enough to lead to other problems such as impairment (Shapero et al., 2014). Educational institution settings have also been blamed for playing a significant role in contributing towards the development of depression in children. However, these situations are preventable and treatable if children grow up in the most appropriate environments and given proper care when symptoms associated with depression start to develop. Early childhood is psychologically the most important stage of development where an individual’s mind develops. If the development is affected, the individual may develop long-term repercussions, one of these being depression.

Managing Human Resources Essay Example for Free

Managing Human Resources Essay This assissment is going to be about Human Resource Management and it’s going to contain information about different perspectives of human resources management and what the role involves. . HRM system is based on HR system , both work together to the same way. The example is HR strategies defining the direction in which HRM intends to go. We got few models of HRM , one I want to describe is Guest’s Model of HRM. David Guest’s model of HRM has 6 dimensions of analysis : HRM strategy HRM practices HRM outcomes Behaviour outcomes Performance outcomes Financial outcomes This model is prescriptive in the sense that it is based on the assumption that HRM is different from traditional personal management. How guest’s model is adopted in Harrods? In my opinion is adopted by having similar commitments for example the Guest model is prescriptive on the sense that it is bases on the assumption that HRM is distinctively different from traditional personnel management and rotted in strategic management. Also the Guest’s model of HRM outcomes are fairly similar as Harrods engages employees to continues success of the business by committing to what they are doing and one of the outcomes that the Guest’s model states is commitment. David Guest’s analysis financial outcomes in his model of HRM and when looking at the financial outcome at Harrods, we can see that they are loosing money due to the employee turnover. When looking at the case study it shows that the research that has been done about the turnover indicates that the employee turnover has significant cost and performance effects to the business. For example the employee turnover at Harrods measures the rate at which employees leave their employer normally after one year. The claim of the Guest model that it is superior to others is partly justified in the sense that it clearly maps out the field of HRM and delineates the inputs and outcomes. But the dynamics of people management are so complex that no model (including the Guest model) can capture them comprehensively. P. 1. 2 The purpose of HRM is to ensure that the employees of an organization are used in such a way that the employer obtains the greatest possible benefit from their abilities and the employees obtain both material and psychological rewards from their work. Personnel management is the traditional approach to managing. It deals with the reactive side, which are rules, and regulations, wages, pension, and leave administration. It is administrative in nature. Human Resource Management are people oriented an treats employees as an asset. It is the modern approach to managing an organisation and people in the organisation. It is the proactive side of managing which puts people first. The term industrial relations has developed both a broad and a narrow meaning. Industrial relations is increasingly being called employment relations or employee relations because of the importance of non-industrial employment relationships. Industrial relations has three faces: science building, problem solving, and ethical. In the science building phase, industrial relations is part of the social sciences, and it seeks to understand the employment relationship and its institutions through high-quality, rigorous research. From this perspective, an industrial relation covers all aspects of the employment relationship, including human resource or personnel management and employee relations. The difference between personnel management and human resource management is that personnel management basically deals with the employees, for example they deal with payroll recruitment. Where the HRM deals with the management of the work force, training and the well-being of all employees. Also we can say that Human Resources is to incorporate and develop personnel management tasks, while at the same time seeking to create and develop teams of workers to the advantage of the organization. Personnel management comprises mainly of administrative tasks that are considered to be traditional and routine. The Human Resources management at Harrods helps to build a competitive edge by positively getting involving the employees. The HRM at Harrods use an appropriate leadership style and they use two-way communication, which is very effective as it allows information to be passed on correctly and quickly. Similar organization which adopted IR practice and Personal is NHS. The NHS UK practice managers work within the primary care sector, where they manage the overall running of general practices surgeries. Practice managers come from a variety of backgrounds and do not necessarily need to be a qualified healthcare professional. Industrial relations in the UK health care sector are characterised by high levels of social dialogue and joint regulation, particularly in the public part of the sector. P. 1. 3 At Harrods the role of the line manager is to encourage communication targets and advice to employees through face-to-face interactions. This might involve sitting down in the staff room, or in a more formal setting, to agree objectives and to give advice about improvements and new ways of working. Acting as a coach helps the line managers to develop their managerial skills, build relationships and reinforce trust at Harrods. Employees play the most vital role in HRM because they are the key advantage and we also must remember that high-performing and innovative employees are the foundation of productivity. Some major implications for HRM are, they can set direction and implement a company strategy, which builds commitment to what they do. Employees at Harrods help to develop performance metrics for on going improvements in the business. In order to increase the productivity at Harrods the line manager or HRM support their employees by communicating effectively and giving them regular feedback on their performance and by them doing that it decreases the errors and frustration caused to employees at work. Also an effective reward system for employees at Harrods motivates them towards better performance. Non-monetary factors like better status can motivate employees in addition.

The Use of Chiasmus to Highlight the Irony of Slavery in Narrative of t

The Use of Chiasmus to Highlight the Irony of Slavery in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass According to Barton and Hudson's Contemporary Guide to Literary Terms, a chiasmus is a rhetorical scheme that is "particularly effective in creating irony through the reversal of accepted truths or familiar ideas" (189). Frederick Douglass uses the chiasmus throughout his Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave to highlight the irony of slavery's existence in a country that was built upon the ideals of freedom. Throughout his autobiography, we find several specific instances of chiasmus that cause the reader to pause and focus on the point that Douglass is trying to make. Each chiasmus is placed in an important point of the text (and, therefore, an important point of Douglass' life) and calls attention to that passage's significance. Let us begin with what is, perhaps, the most famous Douglass quotation: "You have seen how a man was made a slave; you shall see how a slave was made a man" (64). This sentence serves as the turning point, the climax, of both Douglass' narrative and his life. Up until that point, throughout his entire life, the world had been busy making him a slave. From the moment he was born to a slave mother (even though his father was white), the forces of slavery had been suffocating his humanity. When he was forcibly separated from his mother, he lost the human closeness of family. When he helplessly witnessed his aunt being brutally beaten and was subjected to repeated beatings himself, he lost the human sense of pride. And, when he was denied education and literacy, he lost the human ability to obtain knowledge. In all of these ways, society turned Frederick Douglass, a man, int... ...ee nation. Douglass marks his transformation from slave to man with a chiasmus just before his fight with Mr. Covey. He used two more to highlight events that led up to that climactic afternoon: one contrasting the will of the master and that of the slave, and other contrasting the freedom of the ships with Frederick's own bondage in slavery. Finally, Douglass uses a chiasmus to highlight the disparity between the free, near-utopian North, and the slaveholding, harsh South. His masterful use of the rhetorical tool of chiasmus allowed Frederick Douglass to expertly exhibit the irony of slavery to an entire nation. Works Cited Barton, Edwin J. and Glenda A. Hudson. A Contemporary Guide to Literary Terms. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2004. Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. New York: Barnes & Noble Classics, 2003.

Creativity and Creative Learning in Young Children

CYPOP4 Promote Young Children’s physical activity and movement skills 1. 1 Physical activity is an essential component in children’s overall health and well being. Unfortunately some children are not as active as they should be to prevent harmful harmful short term and long term effects on their health. * Short term health Physical activity helps children to build muscle, develops the skeletal frame, develops the heart and lung function and also helps prevent obesity. Children who are active are likely to sleep better and longer and are less likely to develop infections such as colds and flu. * Long term healthPhysical activity in young children not only supports health in the short term but can also give children a positive attitude towards sport, playing outdoors and walking. It is important to start when the children are young as when they are older they lose interest in activity. If children are not sufficiently active they are more likely to become overweight or ob ese, this in turn is linked with serious diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease and cancers. For girls, there is also the increased risk of developing osteoporosis later in life if they don’t take physical exercise. * Well beingAs well as providing short and long term benefits, physical activity is also important for children’s overall well being. If physical activity is taken outdoors, children will benefit from fresh air and a feeling of being in a free environment. Children can benefit emotionally and socially as they learn new skills and develop confidence playing with others The current guidelines for physical activity suggest that children should get a minimum of one hour a day. This can be through walking, play or structured activities. 1. 2 In order to achieve the physical skills required a mixture of movement skills need to be acquired in the right order.They include the following; * Hand – eye coordination Many activities require the hand and eye to work together. For example throwing a ball requires the brain to send the correct signal from the eyes to the hands to create the correct movements. * Foot-eye coordination Children have to learn to guide their feet. Kicking a ball or climbing stairs require this type of coordination * Balance Balance is a complicated skill. Although most of us take it for granted, the ability to balance is a skill that develops with age. These skills form and develop as part of the central nervous system in babies and young children.The Central nervous system is responsible for sending out signals from the brain to the rest of our body. Information is constantly collected from our body’s senses. The whole process is surprisingly quick allowing the body to take action against possible dangers. In babies and young children the central nervous system has to develop and mature. At first babies have to rely on the natural reflections they are born with until the central nervous system lear ns how to control their responses. The rate at which babies and children gain control over their bodies varies enormously.There are three key principles that underpin the gaining of this control; 1. Development follows a definite sequence Movements and control develop in a specific sequence which means babies cannot learn to walk before they can sit unsupported 2. Development starts with control of head movements and develops downwards and outwards Babies gain control over their head and top of their spine before the rest of the body. 3. Development starts with uncontrolled gross motor movements before becoming precise and refined Babies gain control over their arms before their hands and fingers.This is important to know before trying to teach a child to write. They will need to start with large letter types before learning to write letters in the correct size and form. We use our physical skills every day. The development of children’s skills gives them independence, over t ime they no longer need our help to feed them or get them dressed or move from one place to the next. This gives them confidence to learn because they are exploring. Children also use their new found skills to play together and play more challenging games. Physical skills also link to other aspects of children’s overall development.These are; * Emotional Development Builds children’s confidence. When they can do things for themselves they are more likely to gain confidence. They can do things how and when they want . They can also use physical skills to express themselves like paint, draw and dance. * Language Development Language develops when there are things to talk about. This is easier when children can do things themselves to explore and see things. It gives them a reason to talk. * Social Development Play with babies is active rather than language based. Children can join in when they have learned and developed their physical skills. Cognitive Development Most o f children’s learning is linked to practical activities. This requires movement skills. There are links between early physical movements and brain development. 2. 3 Natural outdoor environments include, fields, woodland, moors and beaches. For children they are a wonderful playground which change with each visit according to the changes in the weather and the season . Children should have access to these kind of environments so they can learn about nature. These kinds of environments encourage children to learn and practise new skills such as climbing up a tree or over a wall or fence.They may also enjoy running on the sand, making footprints and pictures in it. Natural environments may also be challenging for the children as the terrain will be different. It may be uneven to walk on. There may be pools for them to jump in or avoid and things to jump over. All these encourage confidence and better coordination. 3. 1 Although many children are naturally active it is important to think about creating a range of different opportunities for them to develop their physical skills. Planning their development is important. Observation is key to planning for young children.It needs to be the starting point so we can establish what the children enjoy doing and ensure we are planning opportunities appropriate to their development. Planning appropriately for children involves the following; * Time You need to plan sufficient time for the children’s activities. Some children learn at a slower pace so you need to allow for each individual to get enjoyment from the physical activity, while they are developing their new skills. * Balance of child initiated and adult initiated opportunities It is a requirement of the Early Years Foundation Stage that you allow enough opportunities of each during play activities.It is important as children need time to discover new skills for themselves and play in ways that interest them. * Interest Children need to be motivated in order to practise and develop their skills. It is important to look at what each child is interested in and develop from that so they are encouraged to learn and develop . Play is key for children’s development and learning so planning should be around their interests and how we can incorporate physical activity into this. * Developmentally appropriate Activities should be developmentally appropriate.So when planning you must allow for the fact some children have disabilities and special needs. Ensure you seek the correct guidance and support to enable all children to develop through physical activity. * Range of skills and movement It is important that all physical activities allow children to experience and practice a range of skills and movements. * Planning for non mobile babies Babies who are not yet mobile still need opportunities for physical activities. This might include a baby gym to encourage the baby to move their arms and legs, or grasping and shaking a rattle .Babies also need time lying on their front to encourage muscle development for when they learn to crawl. It is important to place objects where babies can reach and grab so they don’t become frustrated. We should also get on the floor and interact and play with the babies. In addition our plans also need to include actions we do ourselves which help babies enjoy movement. These include rocking, swinging, being held up high and bouncing. All these give babies a different view of the world and aid spatial awareness and rhythm. * Planning for toddlersToddlers enjoy exploring and practising their new found skills. They will need opportunities to walk and climb. Some resources toddlers will require to aid development are; * Books * Shape sorters * Sensory equipment such as water, sand and dough * Rocking horses * Sit and ride toys * Slides * Balls * Pushchairs * Planning for 3-5 year olds Most children this age will have fairly good coordination but they will need help developing their fine motor skills. They will also need varied support with their movement skills, which should be incorporated into their play whenever possible.Some adult led activities can be used to ensure that all children develop and range of movements and skills. Some equipment 3-5 year olds will need are; * Puzzles * Construction toys * Sand and water play * Dressing up and role play toys * Small world play * Climbing frames * Slide * Tricycles and scooters * Balls, hoops and cones * Fabrics * Pushchairs 3. 2 Once you have identified opportunities that will promote physical activity in the children you need to incorporate them into your plan.Your plan must; * Meet the individual movement skills needs of the children * Include activities that promote competence in movement skills * Encourage physical play To ensure these points are covered your plan should be based on observations you have carried out on the children. You may show in your plan, details of equipment, specific adult init iated and child initiated activities. The Early Years Foundation also states you show how each child is planned for. It is also good practice to include the child’s ideas when planning activities. They may have preferences to what activity or equipment they would like to use.You need to watch children carefully when implementing planned activities. Their reactions will let you know whether it is developmentally appropriate for them or not. They will also let you know if they find it interesting and sufficiently challenging for them. You should be ready to change, adapt or even abandon the activity if necessary. Being flexible and ready to change your plan according to the needs and interests of the children is essential. Children can be very creative and they may well change or adapt your planned activity to suit them.Some children are more confident than others and may find movement skills easier or be more confident taking risks. Other children will be hesitant and will nee d encouragement to go that step further. 4. 1 It is important to include physical activity into daily routines in order for children to gain skills and build stamina. Getting children used to physical activity as part of their every day lives will help them later on in life. It is also good practice for their independence. Working with parents so they are keeping the children active at home also helps.Children should also have outdoor play each day so they get used to the outside environment. Sources of physical activity in every day routines are; * Washing and drying up * Sweeping the floor and outdoor area * Pouring their own drinks * Preparing snacks * Walking up and down stairs * Tidying up * Dressing and undressing * Wiping tables * Hanging up coats * Walking to and from the setting In my setting we walk to school and back in the morning and afternoon. The children take off their coats and those that can reach hang them up. They take off their shoes and put them together.We hav e music time each day where the children can play the instruments and dance to the music and we go to the park or visit the local green where there are lots of trees and paths to walk on and there is a woodland area where we look for different animals, insects and birds. 5. 1 It is important for us to be aware of how effective our provision and practice is in supporting children’s physical activity. To be able to assess the effectiveness in your setting you should consider the following; * Observe and assess children’s participation and developmental progress Look at the children and observe them over a number of weeks.Consider how interested they have been in opportunities of physical activity and if they have made progress. * Gain direct feedback from children Children’s reactions can be verbal or non verbal. They may tell us if they have enjoyed an activity or not. Children who cannot speak will let you know with body language and expression. A child who has enjoyed an activity may become excited at seeing a photo of them doing the activity. In my setting I have a photo album which the children can access themselves to look at. I also get it from time to time and we look at the pictures together. Gain feedback from parents, colleagues and others Other people can see more objectively and give their thoughts about our settings and provisions. Parents also experience seeing their children in other situations and may be able to guide us on sufficiently challenging activities. In my setting I have daily chats with parents, I also have a facebook page they can look at and I provide regular parent surveys to get feedback from them. 5. 2 Feedback and information you gain should be used to identify areas for future development.In some settings this may mean altering the physical environment while others may need to change the types of activities and play opportunities. 5. 3 It is important to reflect on your own practice in order to make any imp rovements necessary. Some questions you could ask yourself are; * Do you act as a good role model? * Do you join in physical activities? * Do you observe children’s physical skills regularly? * How aware are you of the children’s expected development? * How do you adapt activities and play opportunities to meet the individual needs oof the children? How do you ensure both boys and girls enjoy physical activity? * How do you plan activities to ensure the children are engaged in a range of movement skills? * How do you ensure that there is sufficient challenge for the children? * How often are children able to play in a natural outdoor environment? Being honest with yourself is key to ensuring you are meeting the children’s developmental requirements. It’s no good thinking you do that or being pretty sure you are good at this. You have to be sure bin order to provide the best for your children.

The Wish English

A young boy, full of imagination and new exciting adventures, is the protagonist of the story â€Å"The Wish. † This story was written by the author Roald Dahl, a well-known author that has also written the stories, â€Å"The BFG†, â€Å"Matilda† and, â€Å"James and the Giant Peach,† Children have minds packed with creativity, everything is an adventure. For this young boy, he becomes wildly engulfed in his imagination each day. Some characteristics of the boy include that he is incredibly imaginative, and he has a lot of ambition. What else can be said to be a characteristic of the boy is that can seem to be foolish, and he also is very lonely.On this particular day of adventures, the boy becomes quite lost in his creativity. The result of this is that his new quest turns into a dire situation of getting a puppy, or falling into the depths of the red, black, and yellow carpet. The imagination of the boy is one of his key characteristics. He even makes pi cking a scab into a special exciting challenge. â€Å"A scab was always a fascinating thing; it presented a special challenge he was never able to resist. † After picking the scab he continues with another adventure that includes the colorful carpet.I believe that imagination is a great thing to have in life, but to much can have many consequences. Something continuously expressed by the boy are the lines, â€Å"I must† and, â€Å"I will. † This shows that he is extremely ambitious and motivated. An example of this would be, â€Å"What I must do is this: I must walk all the way along it to the front door without touching them. † Of course, with such an imaginative mind, this boy seems slightly foolish. As he talks to the carpet and holds his breath with each step, the usual person would probably think that this child is making a fool of himself.He yelled at the carpet with enthusiasm, â€Å"I’m not touching you! You mustn’t bite me! You kno w, I’m not touching you! Another characterization of the boy would be that he seems lonely. The boy thought, â€Å"For someone who had only yesterday triumphantly traveled the whole length of the brick path from the stables to the summerhouse without touching the cracks, this carpet thing should not be too difficult. † This thought shows that the boy is having adventures like this everyday; he doesn’t have another child or sibling to play with. The boy is also wishing that he would be given a puppy for his birthday, maybe this is because of his loneliness.He just wishes for some company. With such characteristics in a young boy, he seems like quite the interesting kid. He is described greatly between the lines of the short story. The boy doesn’t change throughout the adventure, he is mostly unaffected by the events. Although I am not sure about what had happened to this young boy and the carpet, I am wishing the story had presented more towards the conclu sion. Not only am I wanting more and constantly wondering what actually happened to the boy, but also I’m glad the story had ended the way it did.

USPS †Postal Control Systems

USPS – Postal Control Systems Free Online Research Papers Postal Control Systems As A mail processing clerk for the U.S Postal Service, my success is measured by two indicators, the amount of mail volume left on hand at the end of each day and the number of dispatches that leave the building on time. If the dispatches to the stations leave on time and I have a limited amount of mail volume left on hand my day has been a success. Through this paper I will discuss the control systems used to ensure that success. At the end of the day there is only one indicator that determines organizational success or failure, a happy and satisfied customer. As stated in the text, organizational control is defined as the process used to monitor and regulate how efficiently and effectively an organization and its members are performing the activities necessary to achieve organizational goals (Jones-George:Essentials of Contemporary Management.pg.285). My plant is different from your typical organization in that my customers are actually the post office that you may use to mail letters. The mail is gathered from postal stations all over the city and filtered through my plant. We call this mail originating because it was originated locally. We also process mail that comes from all over the world. No matter where it comes from, the way it is processed is all the same. In the plant Feed forward Control is used more as an internal tool. For example, the clerk is given a target for expected output per hour for his machine. This allows the clerk to be responsible for his own time management. Managers, however, are able to monitor the pro ductivity of each machine in real time, giving them the ability to ensure the machines are operating at a pace that will allow them to reach their target. This is a part of Concurrent Control. If the machines are running to slow, maintenance may be called in to examine the machine to determine if there is a problem. This is the good thing about establishing target goals and evaluating performance in real time. Problems can be addressed immediately. There are times when A letter may become jammed in the machine or a belt may come off causing the machine to shut down. When this happens a red light will come on anywhere on the machine that has A problem. This allows you to immediately fix the problem. Not all control systems in my plant function the way they should. Organizational control as it pertains to motivating and rewarding employees to promote better job performance and boost morale is seldom practiced in my plant. There is no formal method of training. Any training provided for a new employee is pretty much done by the person they are assigned to work with. That only helps if that person is willing to train. To succeed in this plant you have to be pretty much self motivated. Our employers are of the opinion that your pay should be motivation enough. Unfortunately, rewards for high performance or outworking your job description are not given. On the contrary, a lot of employees are harassed, badgered, and even sometimes threatened by managers to get productivity out of them. To evaluate postal control systems, we use several technological criteria. One system is called DPS (Delivery Point Sequence). Each letter is fed through A Bar Code Sorting Machine that sprays a bar code on the front of the letter and an identification tag on the back. The letter is then sorted into the route that the carrier takes while making his deliveries. The mail is then recollected in order and fed through the machine a second time and sorted in order by each address the carrier will make a delivery to along his route. So when the carrier receives his mail at the station is already separated in order by address for every stop along his route. Another system used closely monitors the DPS process in the plant. It tracks the throughput per hour for each machine. Since everything in the plant centers around the time that mail is to be dispatched to each city, this allows managers and employees to ensure that dispatch times will be met. A maintenance team is readily available for each shift to address anything from letter jams in the machines to machine breakdowns. Another system that is used is called the Low Cost Tray Sorter (LCTS). This system is used to separate mail as it comes from the trucks into the cities and states they will be sent to after they are processed. For example, I currently process mail for Greenville, Texas. The LCTS separates all the mail that is to be processed for Greenville and placed in a container for me to pick up. After I have picked up all the mail for Greenville I will then run it through the barcode sorter so that it will be arranged in delivery sequence order. Finally, there is the dispatching process. Each city has a time that mail is to be dispatched to the dock, loaded on trucks, and taken to its final destination. Creativity is a very iatrical part of my job. Managers seldom listen to employees. Most of the processes we have in place are ineffective. Creativity is not openly promoted but it is vitally necessary. If you operate totally within your job description you will fail most of the time. Many of us have to skip lunch or breaks to make dispatch times. This could be due to machine problems, inexperienced workers, short staffing, or even too much mail volume for the day. One example of the creative approach taken when there is too much mail volume and not enough time to process it in order to make a deadline would be what we call splitting. A machine processes 30,000 letters per hour. You have a dispatch time of 6 a.m. You have 70,000 pieces of mail in your machine and its 4:15 a.m. By taking half the mail to another machine, or splitting it, you are able to finish both halves in time to make the dispatch. Once the mail reaches the station it can be put back together and then del ivered. One problem with splitting is that some stations are understaffed and the carriers may be late beginning their routes if they have to spend too much time putting the mail back together. The Postal Service was very creative in using benchmarking as a management technique. When the explosion of texting, e-mailing, and on-line bill pay came about the Postal Service was devastated. Not only because of these new ways of communicating but also because at the same time the government made us responsible for our own debt. This along with souring fuel prices hit us pretty hard. So because of new technology impeding the low of first class mail we decided to focus on parcels. By monitoring companies like Fed-Ex and UPS we were able to come up with a cheaper flat-rate method of delivering parcels and made ourselves a formidable competitor in this arena. Another way benchmarking was applied was through organizational restructuring done like companies such as IBM had done. Since lay-offs was not an option, postal facilities were clo0sed all over the country and their operations were moved to major plants like the one I work in. This move created revenue because it negated the operating costs of all of those facilities. The employees were given the opportunity to retire early or moved to a facility where they could be better utilized. Unfortunately relocation was a part of this process and everyone was not able to do it. The final part of the process was to eliminate unnecessary overtime. This was huge because most employees had been doubling their salary in overtime for years. In essence, this was like taking a 50% pay cut. It was good for the company, but a lot of people lost their homes and jobs. There has been a major impact on my life because of the organizational control systems within my plant. Most of it has been physical. The floor in the plant is an extremely hard surface. A lot of the people who work there have pain in their legs, ankles, feet, and backs. I have flat feet and recently I was told by my physician that the joints in my ankles are starting to deteriorate. Because of the constant bending and lifting I am always sore. Starting an exercise routine outside of work and losing a little weight has helped some. The dust created from the mail going through the machines is also an issue. Some clerks combat this issue by wearing masks. Each machine takes 2 people to operate. Because we are understaffed, we sometimes have to work alone. This creates an instance of one person doing the work of two. After about an hour you begin to feel the physical effects. Cramping, dehydration, and stiffness are the things we combat the most. The professional impact has been far greater than the physical in my case. After spending two years in management I began to see the postal service from many different angles. From the management side I have a better understanding of postal operations and mail flow. I have a deeper respect for my co workers. This has given me managerial experience and also helped me to develop as far as human relations are concerned. As a supervisor I made it a point to listen to my employees and to move expediently to solve their problems. What I discovered was that most of the time they just needed someone to listen, Not only to their complaints but also to their ideas. As a supervisor my first duty would be to make sure that I was adequately staffed. This was hardly ever the case. So I would roll up my sleeves and work side by side with those people that didn’t have a partner. This eventually gave us a mutual respect for each other. As I stated before, my plant does not give incentives for job performance or positive feedback, so, I was asked by a fellow class mate how I am able to work for a company like that. My answer was simple. Pride of ownership and an understanding that I do not work for my managers. Instead I work for the citizens, the customers in the cities that I process mail for, at the end of the day there is only one way to determine organizational success or failure. a happy and a satisfied customer. Research Papers on USPS - Postal Control SystemsBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Project Managment Office SystemIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalOpen Architechture a white paperDefinition of Export QuotasResearch Process Part OneThe Hockey GameTwilight of the UAWThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia

Arthur Harris - World War II Arthur Bomber Harris Biography

Arthur Harris - World War II Arthur Bomber Harris Biography Early Life: The son a British Indian Service administrator, Arthur Travers Harris was born at Cheltenham, England on April 13, 1892. Educated at Allhallows School in Dorset, he was not a stellar student and was encouraged by his parents to seek his fortune in the military or colonies. Electing for the latter, he traveled to Rhodesia in 1908, and became a successful farmer and gold miner. With the outbreak of World War I, he enlisted as a bugler in the 1st Rhodesian Regiment. Briefly seeing service in South Africa and German South-West Africa, Harris departed for England in 1915, and joined the Royal Flying Corps. Flying with the Royal Flying Corps: After completing training, he served on the home front before being transferred to France in 1917. A skilled pilot, Harris quickly became a flight commander and later commander of No. 45 and No. 44 Squadrons. Flying Sopwith 1 1/2 Strutters, and later Sopwith Camels, Harris downed five German aircraft before the end of the war making him an ace. For his accomplishments during the war, he earned the Air Force Cross. At wars end, Harris elected to remain in the newly formed Royal Air Force. Sent abroad, he was posted to various colonial garrisons in India, Mesopotamia, and Persia. Interwar Years: Intrigued by aerial bombing, which he saw as a better alternative to the slaughter of trench warfare, Harris began adapting aircraft and developing tactics while serving abroad. Returning to England in 1924, he was given command of the RAFs first dedicated, postwar, heavy bomber squadron. Working with Sir John Salmond, Harris began training his squadron in night flying and bombing. In 1927, Harris was sent to the Army Staff College. While there he developed a dislike for the Army, though he did become friends with future Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery. After graduating in 1929, Harris returned the Middle East as Senior Air Officer in the Middle East Command. Based in Egypt, he further refined his bombing tactics and became increasingly convinced in aerial bombardments ability to win wars. Promoted to Air Commodore in 1937, he was given command of No. 4 (Bomber) Group the following year. Recognized as a gifted officer, Harris was promoted again to Air Vice Marshal and sent to Palestine and Trans-Jordan to command RAF units in the region. With World War II beginning, Harris was brought home to command No. 5 Group in September 1939. World War II: In February 1942, Harris, now an Air Marshal, was placed in command of the RAFs Bomber Command. During the first two years of the war, the RAFs bombers had suffered heavy casualties while being forced to abandon daylight bombing due to German resistance. Flying at night, the effectiveness of their raids was minimal as targets proved difficult, if not impossible, to find. As a result, studies showed that less than one bomb in ten fell within five miles of its intended target. To combat this, Professor Frederick Lindemann, a confidant of Prime Minister Winston Churchill, began advocating area bombing. Approved by Churchill in 1942, the doctrine of area bombing called for raids against urban areas with the goal of destroying housing and displacing German industrial workers. Though controversial, it was approved by the Cabinet as it provided a way to directly attack Germany. The task of implementing of this policy was given to Harris and Bomber Command. Moving forward, Harris was initially hampered by a lack of aircraft and electronic navigation equipment. As a result, early area raids often were inaccurate and ineffective. On May 30/31, Harris launched Operation Millennium against the city of Cologne. To mount this 1,000-bomber raid, Harris was forced scavenge aircraft and crews from training units. Utilizing a new tactic known as the bomber stream, Bomber Command was able to overwhelm the German night air defense system known as the Kammhuber Line. The attack was also facilitated by the use of a new radio navigation system known as GEE. Striking Cologne, the raid started 2,500 fires in the city and established area bombing as a viable concept. A huge propaganda success, it would be some time until Harris was able to mount another 1,000-bomber raid. As Bomber Commands strength grew and new aircraft, such as the Avro Lancaster and the Handley Page Halifax, appeared in large numbers, Harris raids became larger and larger. In July 1943, Bomber Command, working in conjunction with the US Army Air Force, commenced Operation Gomorrah against Hamburg. Bombing around the clock, the Allies leveled over ten square miles of the city. Heartened by the success of his crews, Harris planned a massive assault on Berlin for that fall. Believing that the reduction of Berlin would end the war, Harris opened the Battle of Berlin on the night of November 18, 1943. Over the next four months, Harris launched sixteen mass raids on the German capital. Though large areas of the city were destroyed, Bomber Command lost 1,047 aircraft during the battle and it was generally viewed as a British defeat. With the impending Allied invasion of Normandy, Harris was ordered to switch away from area raids on German cities to more precision strikes on the French railroad network. Angered by what he perceived as a waste of effort, Harris complied though he openly stated that Bomber Command was not designed or equipped for these types of strikes. His complaints proved moot as Bomber Commands raids proved highly effective. With the Allied success in France, Harris was permitted to return to area bombing. Reaching peak efficiency in the winter/spring of 1945, Bomber Command pounded German cities on a routine basis. The most controversial of these raids occurred early in the campaign when aircraft struck Dresden on February 13/14, igniting a firestorm that killed tens of thousands of civilians. With the war winding down, the final Bomber Command raid came on April 25/26, when aircraft destroyed an oil refinery in southern Norway. Postwar In the months after the war, there was some concern in the British government about the amount of destruction and civilian casualties caused by Bomber Command in the conflicts last stages. Despite this, Harris was promoted to Marshal of the Royal Air Force before he retired on September 15, 1945. In the years after the war, Harris stalwartly defended Bomber Commands actions stating that their operations conformed to the rules of the total war started by Germany. The following year, Harris became the first British commander-in-chief to not be made a peer after he refused the honor due to the governments refusal to create a separate campaign medal for his air crews. Always popular with his men, Harris act further cemented the bond. Angered by criticism of Bomber Commands wartime actions, Harris moved to South Africa in 1948, and served as a manager for the South African Marine Corporation until 1953. Returning home, he was forced to accept a baronetcy by Churchill and became the 1st Baronet of Chipping Wycombe. Harris lived in retirement until his death on April 5, 1984. Selected Sources BBC: Sir Arthur Bomber HarrisRAF: Arthur Bomber Harris

Was MacBeth responsible for his act of violence or was he made to do Essay

Was MacBeth responsible for his act of violence or was he made to do it - Essay Example This being the case, the play should be viewed as attempting to teach a moral as opposed to the futility of individual choice because of fate. In the third scene of the first act, the witches appear to Macbeth and Banquo. They say to him â€Å"All hail Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Glamis!/ All Hail Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor!/All Hail Macbeth; that shalt be king hereafter!† (48-50). They also inform Banquo that he will not be king, but his sons will be kings. This is the event that the other events surrounding the play are a result of. Macbeth is in fact the Thane of Cawdor at the time, but he does not heard about Glamis until the end of the scene. Since this prediction comes true, he assumes that the prediction about his becoming king will also come true. The first thing to consider is that they did not tell him that he had to murder Duncan in order to become king. Their prediction turned out to be true, and Macbeth did not personally have to take any action in order for it to do so. Therefore, there is nowhere inherent in the information that he receives that tells him that he has to murder the king ; he might have become king with no foul play involved. Also, we should consider that Banquo was told that his sons would become kings, and yet he did not take any action to make this happen. The weird sisters merely gave him Macbeth information; they did not tell him what to do or force him into doing anything. In their descriptions of what they were doing before the scene started, they give accounts that imply that they had the sort of power that would be capable of placing spell on Macbeth that would force him to do what they wanted. However, as we see no scenes in which that takes place, we must assume that Macbeth acts upon his own free will. Upon hearing the news about the prediction of the weird sisters and the fact

Marketing Management. Basic principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing Management. Basic principles - Essay Example Marketing management is the main management process focusing on satisfying customer requirements by identifying needs and wants and developing products and services to meet them. Marketing managers are responsible for defining, writing and producing promotional materials to support the exchanges. Marketing managers also works with the accounting department to analyze the profits generated to the firm from various product lines and customer accounts. Marketing management and communication in open system involves the planning, execution and controlling of marketing of the products internationally with value to the customers with no restrictions imposed on the import and export of the products and services within the countries. Open system in marketing management helps to analyze the needs and wants of the customers considering the whole population and because of which it does not requires any external maintenance. Its maintenance goes by itself with throughput of resources from the environment. From the above reasons, it is evident that marketing management is necessary for an organization to successfully reach the customers with their high value products and services. ... The marketing management is necessary for a company for the following reasons. It results in systematic futuristic thinking by the management since it focuses mainly on customer wants and needs It finds the way to have better coordination of company efforts It develops better performance standards for control It helps in sharpening the objectives and the policies of the company It strengthens the company for being prepared better for the sudden new developments It involves managers who have a vivid sense of participation From the above reasons, it is evident that marketing management is necessary for an organization to successfully reach the customers with their high value products and services. When the customer's perception of value varies from year to year or time to time, it requires managing the marketing process of an organization with the changing perception of value of the customers. In general, the marketing environment foresees several threats and forces outside marketing that affects the organization's ability drastically in developing and maintaining long term relationships with its targeted customers. Marketing management helps to develop an overall strategy for long run survival in the market and growth. This study of marketing management is much essential for any organization before it establishes the marketing management in order to have long run survival in the market with the customers. 3. Limitation of the study: Marketing management for a company is an on-going process for a company since it focuses mainly on customer wants and needs which will never be stable. This study on marketing management is limited to few areas. The scope of the study is listed below. The study is based on the marketing management and communication in open

Explication Essay - comparing two poems of similar theme

Explication - comparing two poems of similar theme - Essay Example While this seems as a leveling of love with the other material needs of life, what Millay seeks to do is to place love at a higher level than these needs, without denigrating the importance of these basic needs of human beings who are unable to resist â€Å"wants past resolution’s power† (Millay, 730). In the sestet, she makes this clear by stating the indispensable nature of love by stating the fact that unlike other needs of human beings, love is still not a commodity that the narrator of the poem can trade in the marketplace. The narrator ends the poem by stating that she may do so, but would rather not, thereby placing the tension between the two sparring needs of human beings. made in the name of love. In the first seven couplets of the poem, the poet, in images that are overtly sexual, describes the narrator’s love for a woman that is absent in the poem, but can be called a silent presence. Throughout these verses, the poet’s ideas about love are disturbing, since many of them include the incarceration of the lover. The urge to lock the lover in a â€Å"cell under lock and key† in particular, reveals the intentions of an obsessive lover (Brodsky, 734). Brodsky also reveals the intense sexual energy that the narrator of the poem has, pent up in himself, when he talks of the â€Å"lava relentlessly erupting† from his â€Å"hidden source† (ibid). The last lines of the poem, however, reveal the real intent of the poet in writing this poem. It talks of the narrator’s compulsion to accept the position that he does, in the life of his lover, so as to circumvent the restrictions that the society imposes on love and its m anifestations. The primeval nature of love and the sexual urges that are associated with non-platonic love are what the poet seeks to showcase through this poem. The restrictions that the church and institutions of marriage impose

Principles in Locating Manufacturing Sites

Principles in Locating Manufacturing Sites Wong Wing Man The general principle in locating manufacturing sites is cost minimization. For locating retail services, what is/are the major principle(s) and theories? Particularly, you need to explain the perplexing phenomenon that stores providing similar services (selling similar products) are located very close to each other (even adjacent), forming spatial clusters (e.g., jewelry stores, hotels). What are the spatial-temporal dynamics involved in producing such patterns? Introduction Locating retail services is different from locating manufacturing sites because retailers mainly serve local residents but rarely engage in export trades. Instead of choosing sites with low transport cost, retailers consider distance as a determinant for proximity to market, which represents incentive for consumers to visit. Locational strategies for retail stores are primarily based on profit maximization through increasing market share and business volume. This essay researches three major theories for locating retail services, and investigates the rationale behind spatial clustering of retail stores. Major principles and theories for locating retail services Central place theory describes functional hierarchy of centres based on order of services retailers offer. Considering the distance consumers are willing to travel and basic demand to sustain businesses, Christaller (as cited in Bell et al., 1974) categorized high-order services which have large ‘range’ and high ‘threshold’, in opposition to low-order services. In a regional scale, retail centres with low-order stores such as fast food shops and convenience stores are located closer to each other because consumers of these services have low incentive to travel a long distance. While high-order centres are far apart to secure a larger market for their high ‘threshold’. Within each centre, bid rent theory describes spatial pattern of retail services using the rule of land occupation by the highest bidder. Keen competition for central locations implies occupation by retailers who could afford high land rent, whilst housing and industries are located at outer zones. Low-order retailers occupy central sites inside neighbourhood retail centres, but are pushed towards the periphery in regional centres when higher-order retailers outbid them (Brown, 1992). Co-location of high-order stores such as department stores, women’s apparel and jewelers in core areas gives rise to retail clustering. Spatial clusters of retail stores selling similar services in a micro scale From microeconomic perspective, Hotelling’s (1929) principle of minimum differentiation argues that two homogeneous retailers initially located at opposite ends of market would leapfrog each other to capture the bulk market, which eventually leads to locations adjacent to each other in market centre at equilibrium. Despite support from empirical research, Hotelling’s position is being criticized for incompatibility with the notion that retail stores should be spatially dispersed to maximize market share, and failure to justify spatial clustering for high-order services (Brown, 1992). Addressing risk reducing behaviour of consumers, Wolinsky (1983) modified the principle by explaining the need for consumers to search the market as a result of imperfect market information. Retail clusters are more attractive to consumers than isolated store because asymmetric information on quality and availability of goods encourages comparison shopping. Retailers offering similar servic es locate in close proximity to benefit from agglomeration economies, which creates additional demand and reduces operating cost to outweigh potential loss from more intense competition. Relaxing assumptions in classical models to allow multi-purpose shopping behaviour, Ãâ€"ner Larsson (2014) also explains the clustering of stores selling complementary services. Spatial-temporal dynamics involved in spatial clusters As economy grows and city expands over time, spatial pattern of retail services change. The classical retail succession model which divides city areas into central, middle and outer zones predicts that retail cluster at central zone would gradually transform from low to high order retail stores under development pressure and rising land rent (Brown, 1992). At the newly expanded suburb, residential patterns changes as household size declines, bringing more low-order services and convenience stores cluster to satisfy single families’ needs (Jones Simmons, 1990). Although classical models explain well for small retailers in post-war period, rapid growth of large retailers creates new dynamics in retail locations. Central and neighbourhood business districts with no pre-set format are gradually transformed into planned shopping centres which entail higher rent (Burnaz Topà §u, 2006). The clustering pattern is no longer explained solely by agglomeration economies but also centra l management of store location in malls, and domination of large chained-brands which could afford skyrocketing commercial rent (Lovreta et al., 2013). Conclusion Retail locations in a macro level are primarily determined by central place theory and bid rent theory. The former describes spatial dispersion of retail service centres, while the latter portrays intra-urban spatial pattern for various retail types. In micro level, the principle of minimum differentiation incorporating consumers’ risk reducing behaviour is essential in explaining agglomeration economies as a motivation for spatial clusters of retailers selling similar or complementary services. Although classical approach is still supported by empirical research, it is indispensable to address spatial-temporal dynamics since retail structure evolves tremendously during economic and demographic transitions. Retail clustering becomes a composite effect of agglomeration economies alongside mall’s management decisions and large retailers’ domination. References:   (APA 6th Style Referencing) Bell, T.L., Lieber, S.R., Rushton, G. (1974). Clustering of Services in Central Places. Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Vol.64, No.2. Brown, S. (1992). Retail Location: A Micro-Scale Perspective. England: Avebury, Ashgate Publishing Limited. Burnaz, S. Topà §u, Y. Ä °. (2006). A Multiple-Criteria Decision-making Approach for the Evaluation of Retail Location. Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis. 14: 67–76. DOI: 10.1002/mcda.401 Hotelling, H. (1929). Stability in Competition. The Economic Journal. Vol. 39, No. 153, 41-57. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2224214 Jones, K. Simmons, J. (1990). Location, Location, Location – Analyzing the Retail Environment. Ontario, Canada: Nelson Canada. Lovreta, S., MiloÃ… ¡eviĆ¡, S. StankoviĆ¡, L. (2013). Competition Policy and Optimal Retail Network Development in Transitional Economies. Economic Annals. Volume LVIII, No. 199. DOI: 10.2298/EKA1399057L Ãâ€"ner, Ãâ€". Larsson, J. P. (2014). Location and co-location in retail: a probabilistic approach using geo-coded data for metropolitan retail markets. The Annals of Regional Science. Vol.52(2), 385-408. DOI: 10.1007/s00168-014-0591-7 Ãâ€"ner, Ãâ€". Larsson, J. P. (2014). Which retail services are co-located?. International Journal of Retail Distribution Management. Vol. 42, Iss 4, 281-297. DOI: 10.1108/IJRDM-11-2012-0105 Wolinsky, A. (1983). Retail Trade Concentration due to Consumers’ Imperfect Information. The Bell Journal of Economics. Vol. 14, No. 1, 275-282. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3003554