Durkheims notion of movement from mechanical to organic

Durkheims notion of movement from mechanical to organic Durkheims notion of the movement from mechanical to organic solidarity more accurately describes the nature of different forms of social order than does Webers description of different types of authority (Discuss). Introduction: Emile Durkheim has none other than been recognised by many great philosophers to be truly one of the fore fathers of Sociology. As well as being one of the first great theorists to discover the science of society within the field SociologyLaw. In some of Durkheims work his greatest concerns evolves around the concept of social solidarity. His work involved trying to answer the theory of what social solidarity actually is and how it holds society together? Durkheims discovery consisted of two main key stages of focus in order to be able to characterise society. The stages consisted of recognising the importance of appreciating a terminology he called social facts. Durkheim defined social facts as things external to, and coercive of, the actor. These are created from collective forces and do not derive from the individual. While they may not seem to be observable, social facts are things, and are to be studied empirically, not philosophically (Ritzer, 1992: p.78). This consisted in the ways of thinking and acting, as well as being external too, but constraining on the individual that reflects social reality. This Second stage consisted on how he managed to utilise law as an external index, which ultimately lead him to believe that it was the dominant social fact; in order to explain the character as well as the properties of modern society. Within his newly discovered methodology, Durkheim was able to explain how modern western societies had surfaced by solely discovering the development of social solidarity from a mechanical to an organic state. With his theory consisting of law as the external index, he provided the understanding that social development is reflected in the legal development from repressive to restitutive law. Durkheim regards both criminal and civil law as the core of each field, thought his concept of discovering society. Further down the line of his theories he discovers the real place and function for the two types of law. Where as Max Webers study of bureaucracy looks for developing a historical and sociological account of the rise of modern organizations. (Linstead, Fulop Lilley, 2004: p130). He used an ideal type to analysis the appearance of the bureaucracy form of organization. The ideal type, according to Weber, is a tool used to identify the characteristics of social phenomena such as bureaucracies. Weber used the term ideal type in order to make a distinction from other forms of organization (Linstead, Fulop Lilley, 2004: p130). Weber defined the Prussian Church, Army and Civil Services as all being examples of this bureaucratic form. He also saw a powerful instrument of the first order, and considered bureaucracy as embodying a powerful combination of knowledgeable calculable basis, and the power case would dare the bases of democracy (Nicos, 1975: p38). It is definitely a great idea to explore Webers theories; in conjunction to Durkheims as this essays main purpose is to investigate why Dur kheims theory more accurately describes the nature of different forms of social order, more so over than Webers theory of bureaucracy. This comparative analysis of both sociologists will help to describe the principal characteristics of the Weber Ideal Type bureaucracy, by discussing Webers concept and ideas about the roles of power and authority within the bureaucratic form of organization. In order to achieve this within the topic of discussion, certain objectives need to be addressed. Firstly, by giving a brief introduction to what Weber believed to be the ideal type of bureaucracy. Secondly, by understanding the relationship between power and authority, Weber believed in a theory that consisted of three major kinds of different authorities within power that need to be studied correctly to understand the module of Bureaucracy. Max Webber made excellent contributions to the field of sociology by his ability to witness and analyse various patterns which were quickly altering the standard way of life. His ability to find hidden patterns which the general person could not discover through observation, gave him the ability to discover new theories. These involved the ability of understanding new markets and businesses evolving worldwide by observing them in action. In his main observations and analysis he noticed the markets and businesses were actually unifying people together. His theories and concepts through observation described the way he witnessed how modern science was becoming the new method of conducting business. Through his observations he compared the different societies he witnessed, which gave him the ability to analyse how the forms of government were beginning to evolve. As one of his main theories he believed sociology had to apply scientific methods that would elevate sociology to level of so cial science instead of just a being another branch of philosophy (Hughes Kroehler Vander Zanden, 2002). Discussion: According to the fact of Durkheims distinctive approach in explaining the theory of social solidarity and the reason why society has been made possible. Has ultimately given, Durkheim the recognition as being regarded as the first social theorists to truly discover the meaning of society. His persistence involved scientifically studying society through the means of observation and measurement rather than the general approach of focusing on one individual at a time. As introduced above, the concept of social facts play an important role in Durkheims analysis as they epitomise an impartial account of the beliefs and values of society taken cooperatively. The mere theory that social fact is irrepressible to alteration makes it an exceptional tool to clarify the concept of social solidarity. Within Durkheims work he identifies two types of solidarity, mechanical and organic. He claims that mechanical solidarity will progressively loses ground as society develops and becomes more complex such that organic solidarity will emerge as the preponderant form of solidarity. Hence in order to be able to understand how modern western societies have evolved over the years, we need to appreciate this advancement of mechanical to organic solidarity, as well as the characteristics and in addition the properties associated among each state. Mechanical solidarity was discovered by Durkheim to exist in more primitive, pre-industrial societies, where division of labour is largely undifferentiated and there is little interdependence between its members (Clarke, 1976: pp. 246-255). The social glue that holds society together is the homogeneity between its members, which Durkheim termed as the horde (Emirbayer Cohen, 2003). This is generally characterised by the dominant concept of the collective consciousness, which is a form of social fact that represents the totality of beliefs and sentiments common to the average members of a society (Horowitz, 1982). This collective consciousness provides the moral basis for which members within society must be judged upon according to their actions and beliefs. Individualism is virtually non-existent and not tolerated as it represents a stray from the common bond. However, Organic solidarity has still been proclaimed by Durkheims theory to exist in more progressive and industrial societies that happen to have an extensive and highly distinguished division of labour. Organic solidarity is classed as the best form of solidarity that characterises the western modern society. The collective realisation under mechanical solidarity weakens due to the reason that greater emphasis is placed on individualism as portrayed by society being viewed as a system of different organs each of which has a special role, and which are themselves formed of differentiated parts (Barnes, 1966). This type of solidarity has the characteristic ability of increasing interdependence between members as a result of the phenomenon of complementary differentiation. This refers to the need for members to depend more upon one another as each have differentiated roles from the division of labour, which if separated will result in the crumble of society. Therefore it is clearly v isible that interdependence is the key that forms the social glue in an organic society. The decisive factor which implements the movement from mechanical to organic solidarity is principally the concept of social density. This refers to the increased amount of interaction, an in turn interdependence, between members of society as a result of changes within an organisational structure of societies in a longer period of time. This is according to an increase in population growth, advancement in technology, the rapid developments of towns and their growth in geographical concentration. It is this condensation of the social mass which characterises modern western societies and enables them to surface. Despite being able to identify the two types of solidarities, Durkheim finds himself faced with the most difficult obstacles to his science of ethics that is, since social solidarity is a wholly moral phenomenon , it is not capable of being exactly observed and measured (Barnes, 1966) . Therefore Durkheim substitutes law as the external index, a visible symbol, to measure and reflect all the essential varieties of social solidarity (Elwell Frank, 2003). Carrying with it the characteristics of being coercive, real, objective and observable, while also being the most stable and precise element in society, the law is the pre-eminent choice for an external index (Barnes, 1966). Max Webers concept and ideal theory to make bureaucratic control work relied on the focus that managers must have complete authority to dominate control of power over the organization, as well as being the centre focal point of the larger society. Weber summarized three main types of authority which in-depth explain the management and control in a large organization. The first type was known as Charismatic authority, which applied to organisation whose foundation is the dedication to the worthy character or the courageous of an individual and the command which defined by her or he. Political leaders have been able to get this kind of response too. For example, former US President Bill Clinton has often referred to as having charisma and charisma can be often found in revolutionary military organizations. The most advantage of charisma is its great power, which is rest on the intensity and strength of the force which lie absent-minded in the goal of every human (Kieran 2004 p55). On the other hand, charisma, in order to transform the environment of social life, thus in this way changing peoples attitudes toward them, then the greatest change of central views and directions of individual action would appear which with completely new intentional and controversial bias of the whole attitudes toward diverse problems of the world (Weber 1968 p977). The second type is Traditional authority; this is based on the cases that occurred before, also means the precedent or custom. It is always more or less mixed with magical elements, Weber persist in that authority involves legitimacy in the sense of duty to obey indicates that we are dealing with an aspect of superego functioning. Church can be example of this kind authority, in this circumstance, managers cannot be impertinent to their members or break the images expected of them. Finally, the third type of authority being Rational-legal, this is based on followers belief in the legality of rules and the right to those who have a position of authority in order to issue commands (Daft, 2004: pp.294). The role of this authority can be described as it is the foundation for both management and creation of most government organizations. As well as the most common fundamental of control in organizations worldwide, worth to detail, ration-legal authority is the form which is most widely used to govern internal work activities and decision making, especially in the large organizations. Evaluation: Essentially for Durkheim, one only has to classify the different types of law to find therefrom the different types of social solidarity which corresponds to it (Spitzer, 1975). This is where in fact the whole study of criminal and civil law falls into place. As mentioned in the beginning of the introduction above, each of these laws acts as the essence of repressive and restitutive law respectively. Despite the claim that Durkheim makes on the evolution of mechanical to organic solidarity (and in turn the evolution from repressive to restitutive law) as society progresses, the discussion below demonstrates that modern western societies regardless still preserve a combination of these two types of law (Adair, 2008: pp.97-120). The remaining discussion within this essay will focus on the rules and function of criminal and civil law within modern western societies. In addition to proclaiming whether Durkheims theorys and ideas haves truly made him to be recognised as a discoverer of so ciety or not. Weber declares his feelings of believing that the power of a class is not really a very important issue. Weber claims that when there happens to be a struggle for power, only then classes are considered important. Only then when declared they as a part of their class in their actions. Classes alongside with status groups are just unreceptive members in society. Only when a political party solely considers to addresses the class it becomes declared as active. This insignificance of classes dictates Webers direct concept that the economic issues within capitalism do not in fact affect the outcome of authority or the struggle for power (Barnes, 1996). In Webers thoughts he declared that imperialism is not merely a matter of economics. He mainly justified that imperialism was more in fact a political tool. He defined it as a tool of esteem, to be used for the privileged and ways to address nationalism among the masses. Weber was right when stating that imperialism had not been created by capitalism, as imperialism was introduced way in time before the concept of capitalism was discovered. Imperialism however did in fact make an appeal towards all the members of ruling classes. It appealed to the esteem of the old leaders as well as it was declared as the source of money for the new leaders. But the appeal of prestige was by far the more important factor to Weber. Webers views on the concepts and theory of imperialism are an extension of expressing the struggle for power. This led him to being exploited with criticism, for restricting the impact of the economic aspects focus of imperialism during the power struggle. Weber directly d eclared the incomplete functioning of bureaucracy among the impact in created upon individuals. Its prime advantage resulted in efficiently accomplishing goals, which made it awkward in dealing with individual cases. The impersonality which happened to be crucial in attaining efficiency of the organization resulted in it degrading. However the major concern over bureaucracys threat to members of a particular organization had assisted to overshadow its effects on the larger society (Barnes, 1966). Weber became exceptionally troubled about the impact that rationalization and bureaucratization had on sociocultural systems (Elwell Frank, 1996). According to its true nature bureaucracy generates a vast amount of unregulated alongside an unperceived social power. Due to the nature of bureaucracys superiority over other various forms of organization, they have thrived and have now dominated modern societies. Within Webers concepts he warned us of those individuals who control these organi zations, also control the quality of our life, as they are primarily self-appointed leaders (Elwell Frank, 1996). Bureaucracy traditionally tends to result in oligarchy (Elwell Frank, 1996) or the rules placed by the few officials in the hierarchy of the organization. The Larger formal organisations that dominate society always produce a potential threat that social, political and economic power may in fact become rigorous in the hands of those few individuals who have superiority in high positions as well as the ability of being the most influential personnel within these organisations (Elwell Frank, 1996). Webers end accomplishment for society involved the creation of a plebiscatory democracy which had the capabilities of being able to transform capitalism. He believed this change in society would eventually change individual power into a power to be utilised for the greater good for society. Weber disregarded the Junkers in Germany due to their egoist engagements (Norkus, 2004: pp.389-418). He claimed Junkers had only certain set tariffs as well as only following the rules that would benefit themselves instead of Germany as a whole. Although it relied on the individuality of one superiority, Weber was still highly interested in democracy not just for main the reason that consisted of the idea that masses could share the power to rule, but for mainly for the simple fact that it allowed the ability of potential new charismatic leaders to come into power (Kalyvas, 2008). Webers ideal democracy is one that consists of leaders that are recognised through masses, but even then the masses st ill stay clear of the government involvement in letting the leaders rule with superiority (Kalyvas, 2008). Social stratification, according to Weber, was more based on three different ideas: economics, status and power. Further elaboration of his ideas of what constitutes a class, Weber states that a class is not a community; rather, a class is a group of people who share situation is a possible, and sometimes frequent basis for action by the group (Hughe, Kroehler Vander Zanden, 2002). This basically means that just because people may live in the same town or city they are not automatically equal, but they are considered equal when their economic status is compared. Weber suggests that social order can be maintained by separating classes using determining factors such as the three aforementioned: class, status, and social power. Durkheim on the contrary strongly believed a mechanical society operates in a different way than does an organic society. In a mechanical society, the term best suited to describe is jack-of-all-trades. This is because in that type of society, rather than assigning each person one particular duty to perform, most people were able to perform a multitude of tasks and responsibilities (Ritzer, 1992: pp140). Dynamic density, according to Durkheim, refers to the people of a certain society and their role they play in that society. A major problem that arises in dynamic density in a mechanical society is that when a society grows in numbers, conflict arises due to the fact that people will be competing against one another. As a result of the competition, people are given no other choice but to begin specializing in certain areas and only doing certain tasks, thus starting the transformation from a mechanical to an organic society (Ritzer, 1992: pp.190). The collective conscience of a socie ty is the general feelings of the group. In a mechanical society the majority of a group thinks strongly about an idea or belief (Barnes, 1966). Therefore, it goes without saying that in a mechanical society, where there is little individuation in labour, there is also little individuation of the way that society thinks. Also, in an organic society, where there is diversity in labour, there, too, is diversity in the conscience of the society. People in organic societies tend to have differing opinions and feelings on certain issues (Ritzer, 1992: pp.193). Durkheim proposed that the key to maintaining social order in a society is to have that society, if not already one, be transformed into a modern, or organic, society (Barnes, 1966). His reasoning for this is because, in a modern society, there is no competition between the inhabitants because there is a wide selection of areas readily available for each individual to specialize in. He also collaborated with two various types of laws that in fact helped his theory progress, in resolving how to maintain social order. Under a mechanical society, where repressive law is used, a crime usually results in a sever repercussion. An example of this is theft; stealing something of importance may result in the loss of a hand. However, it is much easier to achieve and maintain social order in an organic society because the consequences are less severe and harsh. Using the same example of theft, the punishment may be jail or simply repaying the cost of what was stolen. This is acknowledged as the term restitutive law it helps to maintain order while preventing less fear in the people. Basically, under a modern society there is more freedom of the people and that allows for less disorder. When people are given more opportunities, and are allowed more freedom they are more likely to conform to societys rules because it benefits them greater than if they didnt. Conclusion: Durkheims social theory is unique for the fact that it analyses society through the observation and measurement of scientific concepts and evidence. Viewing in this stance, Durkheims methodology indeed makes him the first major social theorist to truly discover the real meaning of society. As he, unlike many sociologists in his era, he in fact distinguishes himself away from the study of natural and human science in finding the answers for societal existence. Modern western societies, for Durkheim, has come a long way as reflected in the social and corresponding legal evolution, as discussed above. The characteristics and properties of organic solidarity best illustrate the situation of modern western societies, which include the rising emphasis on private individuals and the increase of interdependence between them as a consequence of the division of labour due to social density. In turn Durkheim has recognised a similar development of the function of law, which he sees as a moving target for sociological observation. The above discussion has demonstrated that modern western societies have retained elements of repressive (criminal law) as well as resitutive laws (contract law). Which both share the important function of coordinating growing interdependence by giving their utmost respect for the cult of the individual. The proliferation of regulatory law highlights that notion that social solidarity is not static and confirms Durkheims view on law as the sociological equivalent of a thermometer to continuously reflect reasons for social cohesion. Thus it is important to realise that while Durkheims methodology (i.e the use of law as an index) has managed to provide a tool to truly discover society, one needs to be able tp continuously monitor this index to ensure that modern western societies are duly and truly discovered as well. Webers theory of the bureaucratic form organization is regarded as a representation of a normal process of explanation in society as a whole, punctuating the value of mean-ends relations. An ideal type is constituted by the bureaucratic form of organization. There are many characteristics of this form such as obvious division of labour, higher formalization, and separation of organizational and personal lives, employment decisions are based on merit. Weber suggested that authority can be seen as critical to understanding power, but exercise of authority is different from the power. The power of position within a complete bureaucracy is always considered as exceptional, under the normal conditions of overpowering; due to bureaucracys political rulers face it as dilettantes of an expert. The most advantage of charismatic authority is its great power, which is rest on the intensity and strength of the force which lie unconscious in every human goal. A Church can be example of traditiona l authority, in this circumstance; managers cannot be saucy to their members or break the images expected to them. The role of rational-legal authority can be described as it is the foundation for both management and creation of most government organizations as well as the most common basis of control in organizations worldwide, worth to detail, ration-legal authority is the most widely used form to govern internal work activities and decision making, especially in the large organizations.

What economics is Essay

What economics is and how you may use economics in your future career and/or your daily life? After World War II, economy is increasingly becoming the focus of national competition in the world. Furthermore, economics as a new breach of human sciences is applied widely in human daily life as well. For example, almost everyone has to consider price, tax, money and welfare in real life. It can be seen from that economics play a significant role in human life. This essay will discuss what is economics and analyses how to use economics in my daily life from economics knowledge, economics logic skill and economic analysis skill three aspects. Economics is a new subject in human sciences and the history of it is not as long as other subjects, so there are amount of different theories in this subject and different schools have different opinions about it, even the definition of economics. In Austrian school, the economist Mises (1998) defines that â€Å"Economics is the theory of all human action, the general science of the immutable categories of action and of their operation under all thinkable special conditions under which man acts.† While the economics Gans, King, Stonecash& Mankiw (2012, p3) think that â€Å"Economics is the study of how society manages its scarce resources.† Actually, there is no model answer of what is economics, people depends on their own experience can have diversity opinions about this question. In my view, economics is a subject which teach people how to thinking objectively and manage things more effectively. It focuses on macroscopic view and microcosmic view in real life. Economics pervades every aspect of peoples’ life, so we can use it to change and improve ore life. Firstly, I can use Economics knowledge to make more profit. Economic theories are summarized by economists and it can show economics trend, thus people can follow these law of economics to deduce future economics trends. Follow these deductions, they can invest some businesses so that they will have considerable revenue from these businesses. For example, if i am able to forecast stocks, i will buy some stocks when the price is low and sell them at a high price. This will brings me a huge income. Moreover, economics knowledge will help me save money. For instance, i can use demand and supply theory to guess when the goods price  is low, thus i will save money comparing with other people. In addition, the people who is proficient in economics means it is easier to find a high-paid job than others, the reason why is most of high-paid jobs are nearly almost associate with business and these jobs need economics knowledge to management and control them, such as business manager, accountants, Stock managers and so on. After i graduate from university i can find these jobs. To sum up, economics knowledge not only helps me gaining and saving money, but also helps me gets more high-paid employments. Secondly, i can use economics logic skill to identify the truth and false in real life and make decision more wisely and objectively. Marking is a significant element in economy, sometimes a excellent marking marketing tactics will help company have a good selling, so how to keep clear mind in the tempting marketing tactics is an important skill for people. Gans, King, Stonecash& Mankiw (2009, p3) indicate one principle of economics in their book, it is â€Å"people face trade-offs†. From this principle, we can know everything in the world is not free, everything we gain should be sacrificed. Thus when i buy goods, i will remind me this economic principle and convince myself do not be lied by marketing tactics and buy some unnecessary goods. Furthermore, if i want have my own businesses, i may need economics, because it will help me thinking more objectively and broadly so that i can make right decision in business. For example, Gans, King, Stonecash& Mankiw (2009, p9) state another principle â€Å"rational people think at margin† in their book as well. This principle is necessary to chief who control the companies’ future, when they face several suddenly changes in business. In another word, company leader should change the plans, while the cost and value of projects change. This margin thinking is one of objective thinking skills. To sum up, i can use economic logic to make objective and wise decision in my business in my future and to be a rational consumer in real life. Finally, i can use economic analysis skill to understand situations what i have. Specifically, situations divided two things, one is public policy. Every country have their own public economic policies, authorities will make different laws to regulate economy. For example, everyone should pay tax to  government. But if you do not know the economics, you will not understand the tax law and tax standard or know how to make tax planning, then you may feel unhappy or angry with your government. Callahan (2004, p27) also argue this opinion, â€Å"Another benefit of an understanding of economics is that it is crucial to evaluating questions of public policy.† She points out we can judge salary or tax is fair or not through economics analysis. Personally it is significant to employee and I will analysis economics policy and according to these to make or change my economic plans in my life. The other situation is society circumstance. Economic change will lead to a series of influence on peoples’ life. For instance, the rate of unemployment is an important data to employee and students who will graduate from university. If they understand the meaning hidden behind the data, they may try to do something to avoid suffering from this unemployment crisis. I will analysis the economic trend and change my plan as well. Only understanding a thing, you can accept it. Thus, i will always use economic analysis skill to understand situations what i have in the future. In conclusion, economics is not only a subject of science, but also a regulating and controlling economy skill. It not only teaching people economic knowledge, but also cultivating peoples’ personal and cultural value. It is not a single discipline, it needs to combine other subjects to research and learning, such as philosophy, politics and so on. In the future, I will use economic knowledge to find a high paid job or invest projects and use economics logic skill to make sure i make right decisions and use economic analysis skill to understand and think situations what i have. Reference: Callahan, G. (2004). Economics for real people (2nd ed). Auburn, Alabama: Ludwig von Mises Institute. Gans, J., King, S., Stonecash, R., & Mankiw, N. G. (2012). Principles of economics (5th ed.). New South Wales, Australia: Cengage Learning. Mises, L., v.(1998). Human Action: A Treatise on Economics. Retrieved from http://books.google.com.au/books?id=bqhZRn5zWA4C&pg=PA266&lpg=PA266&dq=Economics+is+the+theory+of+all+human+action,+the+general+science+of+the+immutable+categories+of+action+and+of+their+operation+under+all+thinkable+special+conditions+under+which+man+acts&source=bl&ots=5UHNDVcP_E&sig=FBD_JFuAf-dTVZQT8dmEBdgo2wI&hl=zh-CN&sa=X&ei=FtEyU63wHMWplQXDpoGwAQ&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Economics%20is%20the%20theory%20of%20all%20human%20action%2C%20the%20general%20science%20of%20the%20immutable%20categories%20of%20action%20and%20of%20their%20operation%20under%20all%20thinkable%20special%20conditions%20under%20which%20man%20acts&f=false

Genogram: Family and Paper Social Work Essay

1. I grew up with a strong and helpful family that was always there for me. I did get into a lot of fights with my siblings, but now that I am an adult and living my own life, I realize how much I really care and love them. Thinking back on my childhood, I was raised a good life and my parents told me to be the best person I could possibly be. They showed me how to pursue a good work ethic, and how to treat others the way I want to be treated. As a child I was taught to respect my parents, teachers, and adults. To respect someone is not to agree with someone but show regard to. I was always told treat people like you would want to be treated. And showing respect is one of them. I believe respect is something that is not given its earned through the course of time. My family was what made me who I am today. 2. While reflecting on the different cultural elements that have influenced my life, it is hard to determine which would be classified as the most significant or the most influential because at different stages of my life, that priority has changed. For simplicities sake, the first influence I will discuss will be that of my parents. I was born to a Caucasian, middle class husband and wife in July of 1974. Due to being â€Å"middle class† I was taught the values of hard work, responsibility, honesty, and accountability. With two parents who felt one does not deserve what one hasn’t worked for, it was instilled in me that laziness was truly one of the worst characteristics one could possible hold. This programming has led me to be hyper-vigilant in my quest to prove my lack of â€Å"laziness.† This can be established by the fact that I am currently raising 3 children, work one full-time job, and attend college full-time. In addition to my parents influence, the fa ct that I had 1 sibling also played a significant role in my cultural programming. Having a sibling has taught me to negotiate, participate and compromise. 3. I was raised in a very safe and secure environment for most of my life. I am Caucasian, straight and a female. I was raised in the Methodist church which puts me in another dominant classification, Christian. My dad worked very long hours when I was growing up to provide for the family. While my upbringing is relatively idyllic, there are experiences and influences that have shaped my life and made me a more tolerant, understanding and yet critical person than the stereotype of people from my socio-cultural upbringing. I was taught to see others as individuals as opposed to stereotypes. I was also taught to value an individual’s right to pursue happiness. 4. A family event that we participate in is sled riding and skiing. These events have impacted our family in a positive way. It is something that everybody enjoys participating in. 5. Our holiday traditions were really helpful during my life. On New Years Eve we all would gather together to say good bye to the old year and welcome in the new upcoming year. My children and I still observe this tradition. We eat dinner together every night. Each Sunday morning we have a big family breakfast. Our family has a family night every Monday night. Where we get together, play games, and eat treats. We also eat pizza and watch a movie together every Friday night. Every year we have a family reunion. Each Halloween we go to the pumpkin patch and pick out pumpkins. 6. Every Christmas Eve we watch a Christmas movie then each child gets to open one present. On Easter we would search for hidden Easter baskets and collect the eggs that are hiding around the room. In our family our kids plan a birthday party with friends every year. We always decorate with streamers and balloons. The birthday child gets to choose his or her own birthday cake. They also get to choose whatever they want for their birthday dinner. 7. In my family we were taught that the role of the child in the family is to: go to school, learn, and grow up to be successful, listen to their parents, and go to church. 8. My mother had the most significant influence on me. She is the strongest woman that I have ever met. Her life inspired me with confidence and great motivation. Most of my mother’s life is full of misfortunes and unexpected troubles. Although she went through many hardships, she never gave up. The thing that I admire my mother most is she always kept in her mind the positive thoughts. In spite of the hard work that she does day by day, she always has a smile on her face. 9. By attending a college with a diverse student body I believe this can prepare me for my future work with families. I will be able to meet people and gain new insights on language and experience from another culture. 10. I believe growing up as a Caucasian, straight female will place a barrier in working with diverse families. I feel there will be limits to my experience but I would like to overcome them by taking classes on diversity and culture.

Reasons for Seasons Essay - 750 Words

Season and the planets, that’s been a question that’s has limited answers because of the limited research. In this essay we will discuss the common misconceptions that students have when understand the seasons of the earth, Along with identifying the other planets and if they have season or not. Also we will explain the aphelion, the perihelion and how it affects planet seasons. There are few common misconceptions that students think are true regarding the reasons for seasons on earth. Students usually believe that because of the earth’s distance and its orbits around the sun causes the seasons. That is because students believe that the earth is in an elongated elliptical path that causes the season depending on the distance. When all†¦show more content†¦When mars is ion the perihelion, which is the closest point to the sun; mars is at its fastest point. This in turn creates varying seasons on mars, than it does on earth. On mars every six months the seasons change on mars, for example winter lasts 146 days, summer lasting 199 days, and fall and spring last 171 days. The sun its self is not on a elliptical orbit, the planet gets nearer towards and away from the Sun as it moves around. When the planet is closest to the Sun it is at the perihelion. When the planet is the farthest from the sun, then it is at aphelion Jupiter has an atmospheric pressure which is 10x greater that earths. With atmospheric pressure that great, causes the temperature from below the clouds causes the temperature to rise to a nice 70 degrees. As you go deeper into Jupiter reaching the core, it becomes hotter that the sun its self. Saturn is simple because its seasons are long lasting, for fall in Saturn lasted 2 years in 2002. Also in 2004 when the spacecraft Cassini started reached its destination to Saturn it started the season of winter. Uranus orbits the same distance from the sun consistently and has had long winters which could last decades, when the sun’s rays reach far latitudes that hit Uranus. This causes the atmosphere to start an enormous storm which starts the beginning of spring. Because Uranus is tilted 98 degrees it causes 21 year seasons. Neptune is a slow planet, because itsShow MoreRelatedFour Seasons Goes to Paris Essays760 Words   |  4 PagesFour Seasons Goes to Paris: 53 Properties, 24 Countries, 1 Philosophy Four Seasons is the world’s leading operator of luxury hotels and resorts. They are well known not only in the U.S. but they are a huge international hit. They have been successful over the last thirty years because of their strengths of diversity and originality. Four Seasons does not want to be a globalization of markets like McDonald’s, where everyone is the same. 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