Spectrophotometery Essays - Spectroscopy, Spectrophotometry, Cuvette

Spectrophotometery The motivation behind this lab try is to comprehend the employments of spectrophotometry. This test focuses on the employments of the spectrophotometer, and utilizing this instrument to explicitly decide the ingestion range of a cobalt chloride arrangement, a galactose arrangement, and to decide an obscure convergence of a galactose arrangement. Current scholars much of the time utilize the estimation of light ingestion to decide centralization of synthetic compounds. The procedure is called spectrophotometry. In any case, why is light assimilated? Light might be basically dispersed by particles, yet this is very essential to the estimation of genuinely consumed light. Light is the piece of electromagnetic radiation to which the natural eye is delicate. Light is vitality, furthermore, when consumed by a concoction it brings about an adjustment in vitality levels of the concoction. The vitality of light relies upon its frequencies. Longer frequencies, for example, infrared, have less vitality than shorter frequencies, for example, bright. An atom will retain light vitality when a frequency precisely matches the vitality contrast between two vitality conditions of the particle. A spectrophotometer utilizes the transmission of light through a particular answer for decide the grouping of a solute inside an answer. It is in light of a basic structure of passing light of a known frequency through an example what's more, estimating the measure of light vitality that is transmitted. The structure of a single bar spectrophotometer includes a light source, a crystal, an example holder, what's more, a photocell. Associated with each are the fitting electrical or mechanical to control the enlightening force, the frequencies, and for change of vitality got to clear information that can be recorded, which is known as a voltage change. This voltage change is shown carefully and recorded for additional examination. The entire thought of spectrophotometery deciding the convergence of a compound depends on Beer's Law. Lager Law, or Brew Lambert Law is the connection among absorbance and convergence of an engrossing example. Applying Beer's Law can be utilized to decide a solutes ingestion look, and to plot the assimilation range on what is known as a Brew's Law plot or bend. The system to discover the retention range of cobalt chloride utilizes a Beer's Law and spectrophotometry. The spectrophotometer utilized explicitly to this investigation is the spcectronic 20. Likewise with any test, a control is expected to put together the examination with respect to. For this situation, refined water will be utilized as the control. A cuvette, which is a little plastic holder utilized in the instrument to hold the arrangement, is loaded up with refined water. The cuvette is then spot in the example holder. As of now the machine ought to be set at 400nm, and at this frequency the transmittance should peruse 100%. In the event that the instrument doesn't peruse 100%T, the instrument should be blanked, or on the other hand balanced as needs be, until 100%T is accomplished. When the control is accomplished, the ingestion level of cobalt chloride can know be resolved. Taking a clean cuvette, including around 6ml of cobalt chloride to it, it is set in the machine furthermore, the frequency is kept at 400nm. As per the information the spectrophotometer peruses, the optical thickness of cobalt chloride at a frequency of 400nm is 0.03100. When this data is recorded, the cuvette of cobalt chloride is expelled. The machine is then set to 410nm, and the control cuvette of refined water is set back in the machine. The machine is then re-blanked, being certain that it peruses 100%T. Evacuate the cuvette of refined water and spot the cuvette of cobalt chloride in the machine. At 410nm, the optical thickness of cobalt chloride is 0.043000, and this data is recorded. The above methodology is rehashed constantly, at frequency settings that are at 10nm stretches. For model, next would be 420nm, at that point 430nm, etc. It is essential to be sure to re-clear the spectrophotometer after each difference in frequency. Cobalt chloride, at a frequency of 510nm, has an optical thickness of 0.51200. As anyone might imagine found in figures 1-1 and 1-2, this is the frequency at which cobalt chloride assimilates maximally. The following strategy associated with the analysis is to build up a standard bend, utilizing Beer's Law, for galactose. Six test tubes are utilized for the initial segment of the test. Each test cylinder ought to be plainly marked 1 through 6 on the highest point of each cylinder, utilizing a wax pencil. Likewise, one enormous measuring glass ought to be loaded up with refined water and sitting on a hot plate in planning for bubbling. Six distinct centralizations of galactose will be required, comparing to the six test tubes. The

Male Dominance free essay sample

We live in a keeps an eye on world. Male commanded and controlled social orders. It may be the case that it has been a social custom, the man was given an all the more remarkable and compelling job in the network than ladies and it requires some investment for conventions to wear out. Or then again it could be the subject of sexual orientation inclination, the conviction that man is more grounded and more astute, subsequently the conspicuous decision for a pioneer. In â€Å"Girls at War† by Chinua Achebe and â€Å"The Collector of Treasures† by Bessie Head, the ruinous idea of a male centric culture is investigated through the account voice and the utilization of incongruity. In â€Å"Girls at War†, Achebe utilizes a third-individual and heterodiegetic storyteller. However, the voice is from a male point of view. The account centers around the character Reginald Nwankwo and his considerations and activities. This point of view doesnt legitimately tell about the mischief of male strength, rather it is dependent upon the peruser to decipher the content and notice the defeats. We will compose a custom article test on Male Dominance or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Reginald Nwankwo looks at female association in the war to kids professing to be warriors. â€Å"He didnt question that the young ladies and ladies paid attention to themselves, they clearly did. Be that as it may, so did the little children who walked here and there the avenues at the time penetrating with sticks and wearing their moms soup bowls for steel protective caps. † (2-3). The ladies in this story are condemned by the men for being basic and for being what men have made them into, for their own pleasure. Nwankwo obviously shows his indecision around there when he muses that, â€Å"He may very well also laid down with a whore It was clear as sunlight to him since she was kept by some military official. What an awful change † (9). He thinks about the issue without the understanding his part in it. The issues with man centric society are plainly examined in Bessie Heads, â€Å"The Collector of Treasures†. This short story is likewise from a third-individual, heterodiegetic point of view, however the account voice is female and legitimately stands up to the issue. The character, Dikeledi, voices her feeling about the sort of male that spins out of control in their general public. One that, â€Å"created such wretchedness and disorder that he could be extensively accursed as evil† (162). Dikeledis spouse Garesego Mokopi is an ideal model a maltreatment of intensity and control. He doesnt care for his significant other however cant handle the idea, â€Å"that another man had a stake in his hen-pen† (169), when he discovers that Dikeledis neighbor, Paul, has been exchanging family unit products for her administrations, just accepting that Paul would just do as such, â€Å"for ladies they fuck† (169). These accounts are the two instances of how a male ruled relationship or society dismisses the requirements of the ladies. Incongruity is utilized plentifully in both, â€Å"The Collector of Treasures† by Bessie Head and â€Å"Girls at War† by Chinua Achebe, to uncover the issues that emerge in a male ruled society. In â€Å"Girls at War†, ironicly Nwankwo is the one to get by toward the end while Gladys is murdered. Being a pioneer Nwankwo just attempted to secure himself, while Gladys nobly attempted to spare the youngster officer. There is a plenitude of incongruity in the way that Nwankwo transparently scrutinizes young ladies and their looking for, â€Å"shoes, wigs, pants, bras, beauty care products and what have you †(7), yet it is actually what he anticipates that ladies should do. He needs Gladys to become, â€Å"the young lady in khaki pants that looked through him at the checkpoint..â † (7), yet when he sees her made up in a, â€Å"high-tinted wig and an over the top expensive skirt and a low profile shirt. † (4), he considers her a, â€Å"beauty queen† (4). The situational incongruity in, â€Å"The Collector of Treasures†, is obviously appeared through how Dikeledi, â€Å"found gold in the midst of the ash† (161) and opportunity in jail however when she was lawfully free she felt limited by her better half, Garesego. In jail, she is not, at this point a captive to men, rather, â€Å"male detainees gave every lady a plate of porridge and a cup of dark teaâ † (159), getting served by men. All in all, the threats of male strength are obviously represented in Bessie Heads, â€Å"The Collector of Treasures† and Chinua Achebes, â€Å"Girls at War†, using the account voice and incongruity. The two writings show the disappointment of the two people in a man centric culture and the breakdown of relationship it carries with it. The battle for equity, love and reason for existing is plainly appeared through the ladies in the narratives, while the men are appeared as egotistical and shallow in their predominance.

How to Apply for Fewer Jobs ( Land More Interviews)

How to Apply for Fewer Jobs ( Land More Interviews) Most of us have a friend or know someone who plays the lottery. This person is always full of hope, praying that they will one day chance upon the lucky numbers that will change their lives forever.While most of us know someone who plays the lottery, most of us do not personally know someone who has actually won the lottery. What do you think it takes to win the lottery? Do you think your friend might get lucky if he or she buys more tickets?One of the things I have noticed while talking to job seekers is that many job seekers treat job hunting like playing the lottery. Like the friend we talked about above, they think that they will increase their chances of landing a job by sending out more applications.What they do not realize is that there is a huge difference between job hunting and playing the lottery. Playing the lottery is a game of chance.The more tickets our friend buys, the higher his chances of winning, though the increase is only marginal. Other than buying more tickets, there is nothing else our friend can do to increase his chances of winning. It’s all blind luck.Job hunting, on the other hand, is more about strategy than chance. How many times have you heard someone say, “I have sent 150 job applications and I am yet to get a single reply!”? What these people forget is that, just like the lottery, sending out more applications only results in a marginal increase in your chances of getting a job.There is a story about a director of a national nonprofit who felt that his work had become redundant and therefore decided to search for a new challenge. Like any other person searching for new opportunities, the director started sending out applications, mostly to well-known tech companies like Google, Facebook and Slack. After a while, it became clear to him that he was getting no responses because his applications were being screened by robots (applicant tracking systems).Not one to give up quickly, he decided to build his own robot to aggregate hiring managers’ contact information and automatically send out customized emails accompanied by a cover letter and resume to these hiring managers.The first time he run his robot, it applied to about 1300 jobs in a matter of few minutes. After refining the robot even further, it applied to another 538 jobs over the course of three months. With such a huge number of applications, it comes as a surprise to hear that he did not get a single interview invitation.This experiment by the director is a clear indication that job hunting is not a numbers game. Data from Indeed also shows that applicants who send out the highest number of applications are 39% less likely to get hired.So, what exactly is the secret behind a successful job search?The key to increasing your chances of success in job hunting is not in sending out more applications, but rather sending out better applications.Hiring managers are usually bombarded with hundreds of applications, therefore if you don’t take time to send high quality, personalized applications, all your efforts will end up in the trash bin.By applying to fewer jobs, you can then focus on ensuring that your applications are highly targeted and of the highest quality.Below is a strategy that you can use to send fewer but better job applications and land more interviews.DEFINE YOUR DESIRED ROLEThe first step in your job search should be to define who you really are. When searching for a job, many people have a hard time deciding what exactly they want to do. They think the best approach is to take whatever job comes their way.However, this is a very ineffective approach. If you want to market yourself well to potential employers, you need to know who you are and what skills you are marketing. Think about your education and qualifications, your background and your passions. Use these factors to come up with your preferred job title.For instance, if you just graduated from college with a degree in information technology, there ar e several paths available to you. You can work as an IT consultant, a health IT specialist, a computer forensic investigator, a cloud architect, a software developer, an IT support analyst, a network administrator, a cyber-security specialist, and so on.This does not mean that you should apply for all these jobs. Pick one that you want to focus on. For example, if you decide to focus on being a computer forensic investigator, build that as your personal brand.Start building skills that are specific to computer forensic investigators and highlight these skills in your CV. Any person you interact with professionally should know that you are a computer forensic investigator, not an IT guy.CREATE A LIST OF TARGET COMPANIESOnce you have defined your desired role, the next step is to come up with a list of 10 â€" 15 target companies that you would like to work for. This is a strange concept for many job seekers.Most job seekers think that they will attract more employer interest by castin g a wider net. This seldom works. Instead of sending out applications to a diverse range of employers, you should focus your efforts on a narrow segment of employers who are actually interested in the skills you have to offer.Job hunting is a lot like marketing. You have skills that you want to sell to employers. Job hunting is the process by which you market these skills to potential employers. Now, in traditional marketing, there are marketers who create a product and then try to market it to ‘whoever might be interested in the product’.However, smart marketers don’t do this. Smart marketers do their research, find out what customers are interested in, tweak their product to match customer preferences and then market the product to a highly targeted segment of consumers who have a high chance of buying the product. By doing this, their marketing is more effective and they end up with a higher return for each dollar they spend in marketing.Similarly, marketing yourself to a h ighly targeted segment of employers will make your job search efforts more effective. Targeting your job search will also lead to jobs that are more rewarding and best suited to your strengths.To start building your list of target companies, start by creating a broad list of some great companies within your industry. Below are some ideas on how to identify companies that will go into this list:Brainstorm a list of companies that are leaders in your industry.Look at companies that did business with your current or former employers and find those that might need someone with your expertise.Check out “best of” lists in business journals and websites.Do a geographical search for companies within your geographical location that might need someone with your skill set.Brainstorm a list of companies that are in line with your hobbies and passions.Get ideas from co-workers who share your interests.Once you have created this broad list, it’s time to go through the list and identify 10 â €" 15 companies within the list that you would actually be interested in working for. Below are some considerations you should keep in mind when creating a list of target companies you would like to work for:Type of employer: what type of organization do you prefer? Do you want to work in large companies or smaller organizations? Do you want to work in the private or public sector? What industries are you interested in working in? For instance, with an IT degree, one person might choose to work in the health industry, another in business and another in the tech industry.Skills and experience: Which employers would provide the best value to your unique set of skills, experiences and strengths?Company culture: Does the culture of the company align with your preferences? Do you want to work in a company with a free spirited, fun culture, or are you more comfortable with the conventional corporate culture? Keep in mind that company culture will have a big effect on your job satisfaction .Advancement opportunities: Will the company provide you with career advancement opportunities? You don’t want to work for a company where your career will stagnate.Geographic preferences: Are you willing to relocate, or are you looking for a job within your home area? What length of commute are you comfortable with? It makes no sense applying for a job that requires you to relocate if you are not willing to relocate.RESEARCH YOUR TARGET COMPANIESOnce you have identified 10 â€" 15 companies to target, the next thing you need to do is to research these companies. Go through company websites and find out all you can about these companies. The information you uncover here will come in handy once you start crafting your application. Many company websites also have a vacancies section that will show you whether there are any positions that are currently open.Go through the companies’ LinkedIn profiles as well. LinkedIn is a great resource that will help you discover information such as open positions and company executives (this is a good way of identifying the hiring manager). LinkedIn can help you create a connection with contacts who can then help you get your foot in the door once you send your application.Other resources you can use to research your target companies include company social media profiles, review sites like Glassdoor.com and YELP, company databases like Hoovers, AtoZ databases and Reference USA, Google search, and professional association and industry websites.Why should you go through all this trouble? Is it worth it?Researching your target companies is totally worth it. The information gained in this stage will help you:Identify open positions and discover unadvertised job positions.Identify how your skills, qualifications and experiences can help the target companies overcome their current challenges.Determine how to align your personal brand with the company’s needs.Craft a cover letter and resume that will resonate with the company.Ma ke important connections with key decision makers who can help you get your foot through the door.Come across as an informed, knowledgeable candidate once you are invited for an interview.EVALUATE JOB LISTINGSI mentioned that one of the benefits of the research phase is that it will help you identify open positions posted either on the company website, LinkedIn, or their social media pages. Now is the time to send applications to all relevant openings, right? Not so fast!Before you start sending applications, you need to evaluate the openings that are relevant to you and find out if you should really send that application. Go through the job descriptions once again. Here, you should confirm that two things about the job are right â€" your level of competence and your level of excitement.In other words, you should confirm that you are qualified for the job and that you actually want to do the job. If you are not qualified, then it beats logic sending the application, because it’s o bvious that you won’t get hired. And if you are not actually excited about the job, then it means you won’t be satisfied with the job even if you get it. Be honest with yourself here.NOTE: You can still send an application even if no open position has been advertised by the company, but you still need to ensure that you are qualified and excited about whatever position you are applying for.If you are qualified and excited about the job, it’s now time to move to the last step.CUSTOMIZING YOUR RESUME AND COVER LETTER FOR THE APPLICATIONAt the start of this article, I mentioned that the secret to increasing your chances of getting invited to interviews is to send better applications. The key to sending better applications is to make sure that your applications are customized and targeted to the specific job you are applying for.The problem with sending numerous applications is that you cannot possibly customize each application to the job you are applying for. Obviously, a generi c application will not meet any individual employer’s requirements, so you will be playing a losing game.The information you gained during the research phase will be very useful in this phase. It will help you ensure that your resume and cover letter are totally aligned with the needs of the employer, which will in turn increase your chances of getting hired.It will also show the hiring manager that you took some time and effort to research about the company and customize your application. This shows that you are a professional who is willing to put in the effort to get the job done. Question is, how do you ensure that your application is customized and highly targeted?Customizing Your ResumeBelow are some tips on how to tweak your resume to match a particular job application:Title: The first thing that shows whether a resume is customized or generic is the resume title. You should ensure that the title on your resume matches the title used in the job listing. The title should app ear immediately below or next to your name. This will make it clear at a glance what role you are applying for. For instance, if the employer advertised for the role of a “Senior Network Administrator”, these are the exact words you should use in your resume title. This shows that you have taken the time to customize your resume for the position and that you are clear about job goals. If you are applying for a job that has not been advertised, you resume title should show the role you are interested in.Objective: Many job seekers make the mistake of using a generic objective in their resumes. If you look at most resumes, you will notice people using objectives like “To build a long term career in the web development industry and work with a company with opportunities for career growth.” This is a very generic objective that will do little to help your job search. A good objective statement should be specifically targeted to the open position. For instance, instead of the abo ve objective, you can write, “Seeking to use my web development skills to help ABC Web Design Company become the leading provider of web development services.Qualifications: Since you have already researched the employer’s requirements, you should ensure that your qualifications are well matched with these requirements. If some of your qualifications are not specific to the position you are applying for, remove them from your resume.Job experiences: Don’t just state your previous jobs. In the descriptions section, highlight aspects of these jobs that make you specifically qualified for the job you are applying for.Skills: The skills listed on your resume should also be matched with the exact skills listed in the job listing. Not only will this position you a good fit for the job, it will also help you pass safely through Applicant Tracking Systems. For instance, let’s assume an employer has listed the following skill requirement:Skills: Advanced knowledge of Adobe applicatio ns (Photoshop, Illustrator, After Effects)In such a situation, you might be tempted to write that you have a solid knowledge of Adobe Creative Suite, which covers all the above software applications. However, omitting these keywords â€" Photoshop, Illustrator, and After Effects â€" can prevent your resume from going through the ATS, which means that it will not be seen by the hiring manager, even if you are highly qualified.Customize Your Cover LetterBelow are some tips on how to tweak your cover letter to match a particular job application:Address it to the hiring manager: The more personal the cover letter, the better your chances of making an impression on the hiring manager. As part of your research phase, you should try to find out as much as you can about whoever is responsible for hiring. You can even make a phone call to the company to find out the name of the hiring manager. You should then make sure that your cover letter is addressed to this person.Use name dropping to yo ur advantage: If you are acquainted with someone within the company, don’t be afraid to mention it in your cover letter. Before doing this, it’s wise to talk to this person and ask them to recommend you for the job. Name dropping can especially be useful if the company has an Employee Referral Program.Mention how you learned about the opening: This should come in the first paragraph of your cover letter. If you found the job listing on the company website, on LinkedIn, or through a job board, make sure to mention it. To make your cover letter even better, you can mention something about the company (such as the company mission statement) in the first paragraph of your cover letter.Don’t forget to mention your qualifications: In as much as the cover letter should not repeat what is in your resume, it should mention your qualifications and show why they are the right fit for what the company is seeking.Say why you want the job and why: Finally, don’t forget to mention what ins pired you to apply for the job. This provides you with an opportunity to show your passion for the job and speak more about that particular company. Explain why you want to work for this particular company. Use the information you gathered in the research phase to tie the company mission to your personal goals.WRAPPING UPThat’s it!By following the strategies, you will be able to turn your job search on its head. Instead of applying to every remotely relevant job you come across and getting zero responses for all your efforts, you can improve your chances of success by narrowing your focus and sending out fewer but highly targeted applications.Simply decide what role you want, identify target companies you would love to work for, research about these companies, evaluate the job listings, and then customize and send your applications to jobs that you are qualified for and excited about.Do this and you will start seeing more success in your job search.

Essay on Taming of the Shrew Deciphering Kate’s...

The Taming of the Shrew: Deciphering Kate’s Shrewish Character The Taming of the Shrew is one of Shakespeares most popular plays. It is both a witty and complex play with characters that are appealing and believable drawn from life and based on a keen understanding of human nature. One can see this in the main character of the play, the shrew Katherine. The reasons for Kates shrewd behavior as well as her tameness have puzzled Critics and Shakespearean scholars for ages. This essay will attempt to decipher Kates shrewish character from the beginning with her father and sister, through the middle with her first meeting of Petruchio, to the finale where she is finally tamed. There is a strong†¦show more content†¦Kate is further humiliated when Baptista announces that he desires to hire schoolmasters to instruct her [Biancas] youth. He makes no mention of Katherines studies, resulting in her humiliation through public neglect. Any child in her shoes would have rebelled profusely. She is further deliberately left out when her father directs her to remain behind because he wishes to commune with Bianca. Kate then bridles at this and makes her exit, hurt by this display of neglect. Similarly, Biancas personality adds to Kates rebellion. On the surface, Bianca seems to be a sweet, mild young woman; a young modest girl, Lucentio calls her. However, in reality, she is a calculating and sneaky sister. Her deceit and deliberate call for attention increases Kates shrewdness. For example, Bianca plays the role of a long suffering saint, implying that the situation where Kate must marry before she can is difficult for her, but not so for her sister. The girl Lucentio describes as modest does not hesitate to parade her obedience for her fathers benefit. She says she will make her books and instruments her company without complaint. She thus gains the sympathy of Lucentio, her two suitors, and her father. In turn, Baptista, to satisfy Bianca, attempts to hire her schoolmasters. Kate, knowing her sisters deception, retaliates in anger and

Simple Élire (to Elect) French Verb Conjugations

In French, the verb  Ãƒ ©lire  means to elect. Whenever you want to use it in the past tense elected or the future tense will elect, you will need to conjugate the verb. French students know that this can be a challenge and  Ãƒ ©lire  is one of those tricky irregular verbs. Conjugating the French Verb  Ãƒâ€°lire French verb conjugations are more complex than they are in English. Thats because the verb endings change not only with the tense of the sentence  but also with the subject pronoun. Élire  is an  irregular verb  and its similar to other words like  lire (to read), rà ©Ãƒ ©lire  (to re-elect), and relire (to re-read, replay). While this is not the most common conjugation pattern, these few words do make learning the entire group a little easier. To conjugate  Ãƒ ©lire, pair the subject pronoun with the tense. For instance, I elect is jà ©lis while we will elect is nous à ©lirons. Practice each of these in context to learn how to use them in your French conversations. Subject Present Future Imperfect j lis lirai lisais tu lis liras lisais il lit lira lisait nous lisons lirons lisions vous lisez lirez lisiez ils lisent liront lisaient The Present Participle of  Ãƒâ€°lire The  present participle  is another verb form that you should know. To form it, add -ant  to the verb stem to produce  Ãƒ ©lisant. Beyond using it as a verb, you will also find it helpful as an adjective, gerund, or noun in some circumstances. The Past Participle and Passà © Composà © For the past tense of  Ãƒ ©lire, you can choose either the imperfect or the  passà © composà ©. To construct the latter, begin with the subject pronoun and conjugate the  auxiliary verb  avoir  to match it. Then, attach the  past participle  Ãƒ ©lu. The passà © composà © comes together quickly: I have elected is jai à ©lu and we elected is nous avons à ©lu. More Simple Élire  Conjugations Among other simple conjugations of  Ãƒ ©lire  that French students should know are the following. You may not use them often, but they can be quite handy to know. In rare instances, and primarily when reading or writing, you may see  the passà © simple or the imperfect subjunctive. More frequently, the subjunctive and conditional verb moods are used. Each implies no guarantee to the verbs action in some form or fashion. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive j lise lirais lus lusse tu lises lirais lus lusses il lise lirait lut lt nous lisions lirions lmes lussions vous lisiez liriez ltes lussiez ils lisent liraient lurent lussent To use  Ãƒ ©lire  in exclamations, demands, and short requests, use the imperative form. When doing so, skip the subject pronoun and use à ©lis rather than tu à ©lis. Imperative (tu) lis (nous) lisons (vous) lisez

Analysis using Porter’s five forces model in Marketing Free Essays

On analyzing the case we will seek to look at two relevant barriers to entry; namely, product differentiation and economies of scale. The economy of scale refers to the decline per unit in product cost as the volume of production increases. Levi’s could have exploited opportunities to outsource their production facilities where labour is cheaper, in order to mass produce and have a cost advantages. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis using Porter’s five forces model in Marketing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Volumes of jeans have been produced in this market because other labels such as Arizona Jeans have exploited the opportunity. If they exploit the opportunity it means that they could produce for less and sell at a higher cost to their profitability. The Levi’s brand has product differentiation because there is a history of brand loyalty; the product carries enough clout to justify a reasonable price premium. They had embarked on a project to create a niche market to attract higher income customers who were willing to pay a premium for a perfect fit. In this case the threat would be brand loyalty because there are a lot of producers of jeans. Threat of Rivalry Threat of rivalry includes all distributors and stores that sell jeans. Example of stores is the likes of JC Penny stores who were once a business alliance, they have sought out cheaper alternatives such as the Arizona brand of jeans and have become their competitor; there is also Gap, Lee and Wrangler. Each of these brands has their own market or customer base. With all of these competitors in the market there is likely competitive pricing for the product. Threat of Substitutes There are other forms of clothing that can substitute for jeans example cotton, linen and other forms of material that makes clothing. In this case though Levi’s has created a â€Å"personal pair for a perfect fit† this proposal has created the niche market for Levi’s through a jeans customization program with their strategic alliance partner Technology Corporation. With this partner they will be able to achieve a competitive advantage. Threat of Suppliers Threat of suppliers all depends on the amount of raw materials. Since Levi’s now has a strategic partner, Technology Corporation they are the ones who take the orders and manufactures the customized jeans at their location. The threat is that they have to rely on another organization to complete the process at a separate location. The benefit though is that this company is a joint venture where each partner has a vested interest in the success of the business thus minimizing risks. However; on the other hand the partner may decide to cheat if they see a more valuable venture for themselves in starting their own line of business. There is also the threat of an increase salary and benefit for employees as well as retention of trained personnel in the area of sales and manufacturing. Threat of Buyers Threat of buyers relies on the marketing of the brand. If Levi’s has a good marketing strategy then customers and suppliers are more likely to purchase their goods. The company has begun to engage in a joint venture with another company therefore once they start receiving orders they will be able to meet the demand to supply stores and retail customers alike. According to the case, the brand Levi is one of the most recognizable brands worldwide since the 1950’s. The jeans had established a political and ashion statement as an American icon. Levi’s has become synonymous with the term â€Å"authentic,† â€Å"genuine,† and â€Å"original. † They are the largest brand-apparel company in the world and the number one purveyor of blue jeans. Levi’s has an image of quality and durability. The image of the company is valuable and rare. Perhaps no other firm has been able to duplicate the Levi brand and the firm uses this image to their competitive advantage as not many firms are able to imitate that image. Despite competetition from low cost rivals who are able to produce more cheaply at overseas facilities, Levi has organized its cost structure and business by using technology and joint venture to their advantage. They have established value creating activities by way of market revitalization and have established a corporate reputation, established links with their suppliers and buyers and invested in high technological equipment and information support systems. How to cite Analysis using Porter’s five forces model in Marketing, Papers

Capital Structure of Aveo Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Capital Structure of Aveo. Answer: Introduction The most important decision that is made within a company in the quest to maximize its value is usually the decision on which products to manufacture and / or which services to offer, however, the decision on how to finance the investments in those assets that allow offering such products and / or services (eg in machines and equipment), is often seen as a minor or secondary decision (Miglo, n.d.). This paper intends to emphasize the importance that financing decisions can have on the value of a company, without forgetting that the expected results will depend considerably on the assumptions that are made about the capital markets and the agents that operate in these markets. The capital structure of a business is the combination of debt and capital that an organization uses to Capital structure of Aveo in the past 5 years It is time to review how the capital structure of a firm behaves in the presence of taxes. To that end, we will continue to use the theoretical framework that Modigliani and Miller developed in his article: The Cost of Capital, Corporation Finance and the Theory of Investment published in 1958 (Bena and Hanousek, 2006). With a very strong balance sheet, the investors look at various things in the balance sheet to invest in the company. There are two measurements for evaluating a companys strength. The first one is the capital structure and the second is the working capital of the company. Aveo has had a very good performance in terms of asset performance of the company and therefore has had good runnings with the investors. For purposes of the report, we shall analyze the company structure of Aveo Ltd for the last five consecutive years (Agarwal, 2013). For capitalization, the company has a record of long-term and short term structures of capital which are permanent in the long term and are a combination of debt and of equity. Aveo has most likely concentrated on keeping a healthy record of equity as opposed to capital debt of the company. This is a clear indication that the company is financially healthy as the yardstick for debt to equity ratio of any company according to IFRS and IAS is 1:1. Aveo ltd equity comprises of preferred stocks and retained earnings which are the inputs of shareholders equity on the balance sheet account. Aveo equates its debt with its liabilities; however, there is a major difference between operational liabilities and the debt liabilities. The difference is that debt liability forms the capitalization component of a company capital structure. Short term and long term debt form the debt component of a company (Martin and Baker, 2013). Short term debts mostly comprise notes payable. The golden rule is that long term debt should take up two third of the total debt figure according to the prudent principle in accounting. Short term will take the remainder. 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total debt/Shareholder equity 2574/701.8=3.7:1 2183/669.6=3.16:1 1840/853.2=2.16:1 1887.2/918.4=2.0:1 2428.5/1072=2.2 The analysis in the figures above indicate that the debt to equity ratio in the five years have been very high. While the recommended yardstick of debt to equity ratio is 1:1, Aveo ltd remains to have a high ratio in terms of debt to equity ratio. In the year 2012, the debt to equity ratio was 3.7:1 which was 3 times higher than the recommended threshold. This is not optimal at all. In 2013, the ratio dropped albeit marginally to 3.2: 1 as well as in the year 2014. This was an improvement in terms of financial management despite being high for theaccounting standards. In the financial year ended 2015, it dropped to 2.0:1, although not optimal, it seems the company had put in place measures to tame the high debt to equity ratio. This shows that the liquidity of a company is improving (Brown, Liang and Weisbenner, 2006). This is also the case in 2016 where the debt to equity ratio was 2.2: 1. This shows that in all the 5 financial years the debt to equity ratio exceed the yardstick and this is not good for the investors in Aveo ltd. Optimum capital structure The assumption in prudence use of leverage or debt is that the management can earn more on borrowed money to the amount of interest and fees expense paid on these funds.If a company in a highly competitive environment, is hobbled by high debt , the company may find its competitors taking advantage of the problems facing the company to grab more market share. But if there are taxes, is the irrelevance of the capital structure maintained? To answer this question, let us imagine that the cash flow (FC) of a company is similar to a pie. That cash flow, brought to present value with the appropriate discount rate, will give us the value of the firm. In a taxed world, a company without debt would have a CF like this: (Brown, Liang and Weisbenner, 2006) Dividend history and policy The financial value of the company, that is, the value of the shares, can be expressed as the current equivalent of the expected dividend stream, valued at the required return (ke): The model is based on the reasonable assumption that the dividend is the principal source of shareholder remuneration but, please note, it does not pre-empt that it should be immediately recognized: all dividends expected over the investment horizon are included, as well as the price which is expected to be able to sell the T share; retained earnings will revert to future dividends and also to terminal value because reinvestment will cause the company to grow at a rate g = ROE (1 - pay out). 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Dividend paid (in millions) 21.1 17.7 - - - Arguments in favor of investing in companies that do not distribute dividends (Chen, 2005) In Aveo Ltd, the company cannot afford to be capitalized by distributing their dividends to the shareholders because of their investment need. Reinvestment is done in bid not to fall behind their competitors and to give the shareholders maximum value in terms of shareholders value for the future. In many cases, the company like Aveo will sell its shares in order to have a tax advantage where dividends are subject to the IRPF. Arguments in favor of the distribution of dividends This is the other side of the coin, where shareholders can sketch a smile every three months. The perspective from this position is totally different from the previous one, where it is preferred that the money earned with the contributions made by the shareholders be returned to them, since in a certain way these benefits belong to them. In this way the shareholder has the freedom to choose what to do with the liquidity obtained. Pay-out Another fact that we usually take into account when we intend to invest in a company that distributes dividend is the Pay-out. This is the part of profits that the company destines to dividends, so it will always be advisable to take it into account since, depending on the situation in which the company is, more or less dividends will be distributed. Where are the profits of companies that do not distribute dividends invested? The profits that the company obtains and are not destined to the distribution of dividends do not have a specific destiny, each company makes the most appropriate decision as to where it has to invest this money, although usually this destination is usually the same for all the companies7. For example: to ensure greater liquidity, to have a working fund to help us in a difficult situation, etc. But we must also take into account that there are shareholders who have deposited their trust and money in the company so that it can carry out its activities, so the reward to these shareholders has to come from a part of the profits (Graham, n.d.) Dividend history for the past 5 years The quality of dividends distributed is directly proportional to the quality of financial reports produced. The dividend structure is commensurate to the profits received for the company. Aveo ltd has not paid out dividends for the last three years. In fact the last dividend paid was in the year 2013, the debt to equity ratio has also reduced in those years. Aveo ltd has not paid out dividends for the last three years, and its debt equity ratio has reduced in those three years (Vandekerckhove, 2012). This report discusses the impact of dividend payments on company value, whose maximization, remember, is the financial objective. Modigliani and Miller demonstrated that, under certain conditions, shareholders should be indifferent between the payment of dividends and the capitalization of results; however, some companies have turned this pay into an essential element of their relationship with investors. Others, on the other hand, maintain a systematic policy of reinvestment, without their actions being penalized by investors. Know the complete process that must be followed to make successful decisions in Financial Investments. Dividend distribution Problems in individual decision-making are mainly due to two causes of fear of decision making and thoughtless decision-making (Vandekerckhove, 2012). Attractiveness of Aveo Australia ltd to an investor Aveo is a very attractive company to invest in. it has had its fair share of troubles especially in dividend payout but remains a very attractive company for investors nonetheless. The dividend policy, and its broader expression as a self-financing policy, is closely related to both the financial structure and the investment decisions. Retained earnings are a source of financing that, depending on the preferences of the company and its owners, can make growth possible by supplementing or supplementing debt or other sources of self-financing, such as capital increases. Self-financing is, in fact, the preferred source for many R D-intensive companies, and / or latent opportunities (Graham, n.d.). Regarding how dividends are canceled Brealey and Myers point out: The dividend is fixed by the company's board of directors. The announcement states that payment will be made to all shareholders who are registered on a certain closing date. Later, about two weeks later, dividend checks are sent to shareholders. Dividends can only be declared by the board of directors, which then has the authority to order the payment of a dividend. If the directors or board of directors decide to declare a dividend, they must take appropriate measures to pay the members at a certain date (Vandekerckhove, 2012). Aveo ltd profitability levels are high showing that investors can be attracted by the levels of profit that the company is having. Although attractiveness of a company can be measured using different yardsticks, profitability, liquidity and the companys general stability remains the key areas of focus for the investors outlook (Graham, n.d.). According to this approach, the shareholder's profitability in any period t is the sum of the dividend yield and the profitability accrued by the change in the value of the shares: so that the model does not establish any express priority between dividends and retention. This result has some logic, because the value of the company's asset is the current equivalent of free cash flow, discounted to the weighted average cost of capital, and neither of these two variables depends on the distribution policy (maintaining the presumption that the decision involves a trade-off between paid dividends and new capital) Nor does it pre-judge that both profits (dividends and capital gains) are strictly equivalent: in fact they are not, because the latter are subject to risk, hence a financial valuation and a discount rate with risk. Accordingly, in a first approximation the effect of the dividend policy on the value of the enterprise will depend on the future impact of the retained earnings: to the extent that the incremental result provided by the domestic reinvestment offsets the risk and the time (preference for liquidity), shareholders will be willing to waive their current dividends in exchange for future (incremental) dividends. Conclusion Aveo is a good company to invest in. It is clear, that the cash flow of the business, will be shared by the shareholders and the State. Then, the present value of what is left to the shareholder, would be the value of the company, or otherwise seen, Vu = E, where Vu is the value of a deleveraged company and E is the equity (Vandekerckhove, 2012). References Agarwal, Y. (2013). Capital Structure Decisions. Hoboken: Wiley. Bena, J. and Hanousek, J. (2006). Rent extraction by large shareholders: evidence using dividend policy in the Czech Republic. Prague: CERGE-EI. Brown, J., Liang, J. and Weisbenner, S. (2006). Executive financial incentives and payout policy. Washington, D.C.: Divisions of Research Statistics and Monetary Affairs, Federal Reserve Board. Brown, J., Liang, J. and Weisbenner, S. (2006). Executive financial incentives and payout policy. Washington, D.C.: Divisions of Research Statistics and Monetary Affairs, Federal Reserve Board. Chen, A. (2005). Research in finance. Amsterdam: Elsevier JAI, . Graham, B. (n.d.). The intelligent investor. New York: Collins. Martin, G. and Baker, H. (2013). Capital structure and corporate financing decisions. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Miglo, A. (n.d.). Capital structure in the modern world. Vandekerckhove, W. (2012). Responsible investment in times of turmoil. Dordrecht [u.a.]: Springer.